电流时间谐波对永磁同步电机电磁振动的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2024.03.021

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了揭示电流时间谐波对电机电磁振动和噪声的影响，结合Maxwell应力方程解析计算了变频器供电时永磁同步电机的径向电磁力，并解析计算了径向电磁力的阶次和频率变化规律。指出变频器的供电使电机在低频和中高频频段产生的电磁振动和噪声均有不同程度的加剧。以一台48 槽8极永磁同步电机为例，分别建立了变频器供电和正弦波供电情况下电机电磁有限元模型和结构有限元模型。通过ANSYS多物理场联合仿真对比了2种供电方式下电机的振动响应和噪声变化，验证了解析分析的正确性。最后通过实验验证了仿真的可靠性。

关键词: 永磁同步电机, 径向电磁力, 时间谐波, 开关频率, 电磁振动和噪声, ANSYS多物理场

Abstract:

In order to reveal the influence of current time harmonics on the electromagnetic vibration and noise of the motor， the radial electromagnetic force of the permanent magnet synchronous motor （PMSM） fed by frequency converter is analyzed and calculated with Maxwell stress equation， the order and frequency of radial electromagnetic force are analyzed theoretically. It is pointed out that the electromagnetic vibration and noise produced by the motor in low frequency and middle-high frequency can be aggravated by the power supply of the inverter. Taking a 48-slot 8-pole permanent magnet synchronous motor as an example， the electromagnetic finite element model and structure finite element model of the motor under the condition of inverter and sine wave power supply are established respectively. The vibration response and noise change of the motor under these two power supply modes are compared by ANSYS multi-physical field simulation， and the correctness of the analytical analysis is verified.

Key words: permanent magnet synchronous motor （PMSM）, radial electromagnetic force, current time harmonics, switching frequency, electromagnetic vibration and noise, ANSYS multi-physical field

中图分类号:

TM351

寇成浩, 王姝, 张学磊, 刘正宇, 郭祖旭. 电流时间谐波对永磁同步电机电磁振动的影响[J]. 现代防御技术, 2024, 52(3): 170-179.

Chenghao KOU, Shu WANG, Xuelei ZHANG, Zhengyu LIU, Zuxu GUO. Influence of Current Time Harmonic on Electromagnetic Vibration of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor[J]. Modern Defense Technology, 2024, 52(3): 170-179.

图/表 12

表1 电流谐波作用产生的主要电磁力谐波分量a） h 次谐波电流

Table 1 Major force harmonics due to current harmonics

谐波电流	5f₁	7 f₁	11 f₁	13 f₁	17 f₁	19 f₁
电磁力谐波分量	0，2f₁，4f₁，6f₁，…，2kf₁，k=0，1，2，3，…

图1 样机截面图

Fig. 1 Cross section diagram of the permanent magnet synchronous motor

表2 样机主要参数

Table 2 Main parameters of PMSM

参数	数值
额定转速/（r·min^-1）	5 300
额定电压/V	220
额定功率/kW	40
额定转矩/（N·m）	70
槽数	48
极对数	4
定子外径/mm	168
定子内径/mm	102
转子外径/mm	100.4
转子内径/mm	48
电机轴向长度/mm	140

图2 电流随时间变化示意图及其FFT分解示意图

Fig. 2 Time history of and FFT result of current

图3 电机气隙磁密波形图

Fig.3 Waveform of air-gap magnetic field

图4 电磁力密度波形图

Fig. 4 Waveform of electromagnetic force density

图5 2种供电情况下电机振动加速度频谱图

Fig.5 Spectrum of vibration acceleration for two power supply cases

图6 不同调速范围内电机振动加速度频谱图

Fig. 6 Spectrum of vibration acceleration at different speeds

图7 电机噪声声压图

Fig. 7 Spectrum of noise pressure level

图8 不同调速范围内电机噪声声压图

Fig. 8 Spectrum of noise pressure level at different speeds

图9 实验台架示意图

Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the test bench

图10 实验仿真对比图

Fig. 10 Contrast diagram of experiment simulation

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