一种基于ADS的相位噪声仿真及优化方法

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2025.02.020

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对目前振荡器相位噪声仿真分析方法受限于元件库固有模型，得到的噪声曲线不能够较好地体现元器件非线性特性，无法指导实际设计的问题，提出了一种基于非线性模型结合阻抗网络分析的方法。确定满足Leeson模型的非线性元件模型，以保证仿真的有效性。对电路进行阻抗网络分析，推导对系统相位噪声产生影响的电路参数，设计使用包含非线性模型的仿真电路，通过先进设计系统（advanced design system，ADS）仿真平台验证该方案的有效性。实验结果表明，所采用的方法与传统设计方法相比，引入非线性因素，更加贴合实际设计。提出的噪声优化方案可行有效，对实际应用中改善相位噪声指标，提高系统整体性能提供了一定的参考。

关键词: 相位噪声, 有载品质因数, Leeson模型, 非线性模型, 先进设计系统（ADS）仿真, 阻抗网络

Abstract:

The current simulation analysis method for oscillator phase noise is limited by the inherent models， and the resulting noise curve fails to adequately reflect the nonlinear characteristics of the components， thereby posing challenges in guiding practical designs. This paper proposes an approach based on nonlinear models combined with impedance network analysis. A nonlinear component model that is established to ensure the effectiveness of the simulation. Impedance network analysis is applied to derive circuit parameters affecting the system's phase noise. A simulation circuit incorporating the nonlinear model is designed， and the effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated using the advanced design system （ADS） simulation platform. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method aligns more closely with practical design compared to traditional methods. The presented noise optimization scheme is feasible and effective， offering valuable insights for improving phase noise metrics and enhancing overall system performance in practical applications.

Key words: phase noise, loaded quality, Leeson model, nonlinear model, advanced design system （ADS） simulation, impedance network

中图分类号:

TN752

秦钲超, 郑文强, 韩艳菊, 王巨, 李国强. 一种基于ADS的相位噪声仿真及优化方法[J]. 现代防御技术, 2025, 53(2): 183-191.

Zhengchao QIN, Wenqiang ZHENG, Yanju HAN, Ju WANG, Guoqiang LI. A Method of Phase Noise Simulation and Optimization Based on ADS[J]. Modern Defense Technology, 2025, 53(2): 183-191.

图/表 18

图1 电容抽头电路

Fig. 1 Capacitor tap circuit

图2 线性仿真得到的相位噪声曲线

Fig. 2 Phase noise curve obtained by linear simulation

图3 Tuning调节版面示意图

Fig. 3 Schematic diagram of tuning layout

图4 三极管模型参数示意图

Fig. 4 Schematic diagram of triode model parameters

图5 非线性仿真得到的相位噪声曲线

Fig. 5 Phase noise curve obtained by nonlinear simulation

表1 控制Kf不变，不同Af取值下各频率点的相位噪声

Table 1 Phase noise of each frequency point with constant Kf and different Af values dBc·Hz-1

A_f	f/Hz
A_f	10	100	1 000	10 000
1.0	-97.861	-125.683	-143.694	-152.934
1.2	-105.327	-133.116	-150.720	-157.639
1.4	-112.755	-140.366	-156.296	-159.506
1.6	-120.079	-146.839	-159.048	-159.948
1.8	-126.955	-151.051	-159.084	-160.032
2.0	-132.207	-152.580	-159.957	-160.048

表2 控制Af不变，不同Kf取值下各频率点的相位噪声

Table 2 Phase noise of each frequency point with constant Af and different Kf values dBc·Hz-1

K_f	f/Hz
K_f	10	100	1 000	10 000
5e-13	-102.776	-130.584	-148.403	-156.365
1e-14	-119.652	-146.501	-158.959	-159.937
5e-14	-112.755	-140.366	-156.296	-159.506
1e-15	-128.723	-151.713	-159.875	-160.040
5e-15	-122.548	-148.635	-159.445	-159.994

图6 科尔皮兹振荡电路等效电路

Fig. 6 Korpitz oscillation circuit equivalent circuit

图7 10 MHz下谐波平衡输出波形及频谱

Fig. 7 Output waveform and spectrum at 10 MHz

图8 5 MHz下谐波平衡输出波形及频谱

Fig. 8 Output waveform and spectrum at 5 MHz

图9 15 MHz下谐波平衡输出波形及频谱

Fig. 9 Output waveform and spectrum at 15 MHz

图10 电容值和有载品质因数之间的关系曲线

Fig. 10 Relation curve between capacitance value and on-load quality factor

表3 控制C1不变，不同C2取值下各频率点的相位噪声

Table 3 Phase noise of each frequency point with constant C1 and different C2 values dBc·Hz-1

C₂/pF	f/Hz
C₂/pF	10	100	1 000	10 000
22	-117.987	-150.305	-157.275	-159.104
32	-117.259	-148.164	-156.760	-158.850
42	-118.457	-148.737	-156.979	-159.036
52	-121.357	-150.108	-157.367	-159.307
62	-139.939	-151.125	-157.629	-159.449
72	-136.977	-150.878	-157.430	-159.235

图11 C2取不同参数时得到的相位噪声曲线对比

Fig. 11 Comparison of phase noise curves obtained with different parameters of C2

表4 控制C2不变，不同C1取值下各频率点的相位噪声

Table 4 Control C2 unchanged， different C1 values of the phase noise of each frequency point dBc·Hz-1

C₁/pF	f/Hz
C₁/pF	10	100	1 000	10 000
2	-134.100	-150.554	-156.878	-158.203
7	-126.509	-151.359	-157.690	-159.460
12	-118.457	-148.737	-156.979	-159.036
17	-119.590	-148.744	-156.773	-158.862
22	-121.468	-149.494	-156.882	-158.903

图12 C1取不同参数时得到的相位噪声曲线对比

Fig. 12 Comparison of phase noise curves obtained when C1 takes different parameters

图13 实际设计得到的相位噪声曲线（C2=30 pF）

Fig. 13 Phase noise curve obtained by actual design

图14 改变C2取值得到的相位噪声曲线

Fig. 14 Phase noise curve obtained by changing the value of C2

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