现代防御技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (6): 60-68.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2025.06.007

• 飞行器技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

常规多翼小型飞行器空气动力学设计研究

李尧尧, 董平, 许朝虎   

  1. 北京跟踪与通信技术研究所,北京 100094
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-03 修回日期:2025-01-16 出版日期:2025-12-28 发布日期:2025-12-31
  • 作者简介:李尧尧(1982-),男,河北正定人。助理研究员,博士,研究方向为飞行器系统总体设计。

Aerodynamic Design of Conventional Small Multi-wing Aircraft

Yaoyao LI, Ping DONG, Chaohu XU   

  1. Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunication Technology,Beijing 100094,China
  • Received:2024-09-03 Revised:2025-01-16 Online:2025-12-28 Published:2025-12-31

摘要:

目前,针对常规多翼小型飞行器的动态气动特性与弹道特性的关联性尚缺乏有效分析,通过综合分析飞行器气体流动特性与弹道特性并进行优化设计,提出了小型飞行器增程设计方案。对飞行器功能布局进行系统分析,从系统最优角度设计飞行器分系统的布局组成,完成包含钝头、弹身、多片弹翼及尾翼的飞行器模型;通过分析比较4片、6片、8片弹翼对飞行器气动特性的影响及流动机理,提出针对不同任务升阻比需求的弹翼数量优选方案;基于比例导引制导律设计常规三回路驾驶仪和基于三次B样条函数的射程最大化优化方法,对刚体轨迹动力学特性进行仿真分析,结果表明多组弹翼构型飞行器可保持弹道稳定,验证了多组弹翼构型增程设计的有效性。研究结果可为多翼小型飞行器气动-弹道协同设计提供有效的方法参考和理论依据。

关键词: 多弹翼, 气动特性, 弹道特性, 增程设计, 流动结构

Abstract:

At present, the research on the correlation between dynamic aerodynamic and ballistic characteristics of small multi-wing aircraft is still limited. In this paper, the aerodynamic flow and ballistic characteristics of aircraft are comprehensively analyzed, and optimization design is conducted. Further, the design method of small aircraft with extended range is proposed. First, the function layout of aircraft is analyzed systematically, and the layout and composition of the aircraft subsystems are designed from the optimal view of the whole system. An aircraft model with blunt-headed warhead, multi-piece wing, and tail is proposed. Second, through the analysis of computational fluid dynamics and the influence of 4, 6, and 8 wings on the aerodynamic characteristics of the aircraft and the flow mechanism, the method of selecting appropriate wings according to the lift-to-drag ratio requirements in different tasks is proposed. Finally, a three-loop pilot is designed according to the proportional navigation guidance law, and a range maximization optimization method using cubic B-spline functions is proposed. The dynamic characteristics of rigid body trajectory are simulated and designed. The aircraft can maintain flight stability under the condition of multiple sets of wings, and the effectiveness of extending the range of multi-wing configuration is validated. Thus, the present research can provide effective methodological references and theoretical basis for the aerodynamic ballistic collaborative design of small multi-wing aircraft.

Key words: multi-wing, aerodynamic characteristics, ballistic characteristics, extended-range design, flow structure

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