现代防御技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (3): 60-70.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2026.03.006

• ?栏目名称:论文? • 上一篇    下一篇

地空导弹阵地反小型多旋翼无人机检测方法研究

于世胜, 王可, 孙宇, 牛景华   

  1. 中国人民解放军94221部队
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-18 修回日期:2025-09-16 出版日期:2026-06-28 发布日期:2026-07-03
  • 作者简介:于世胜(1979-),男,辽宁东港人。高工,硕士,研究方向为地空导弹指挥控制系统。

Research on Detection Methods for Countering Small and Micro Rotary-Wing UAVs at Surface-to-Air Missile Sites

Shisheng YU, Ke WANG, Yu SUN, Jinghua NIU   

  1. PLA 94221 Troops
  • Received:2025-05-18 Revised:2025-09-16 Online:2026-06-28 Published:2026-07-03

摘要:

针对俄乌冲突中,地空导弹阵地在应对小型多旋翼无人机渗透侦察以及引导火力进攻的过程中,暴露出来雷达监控存在近距离盲区、对阵地周边5 km以内的小型多旋翼无人机检测困难、阵地自身防护的脆弱性等问题进行研究。采集小型多旋翼无人机的3类信号,利用FEKO软件进行无人机在不同频段雷达作用下的RCS(radar cross-section)方向图仿真,分析信号的时频域特点,论证了利用这些特征进行有效检测的可行性。采用的SDR(software defined radio)设备可在距离无人机100.33,70.129 m处成功截获识别图传信号,制导雷达利用SDR设备提供的方位信息,快速检测跟踪无人机,比制导雷达独立全空域搜索无人机提高了9 min,验证了该方法的可行性和实用性。经过分析论证,提出射频信号监测+雷达精确定位的检测方法,采用无人机实飞校验,利用SDR设备进行射频信号检测识别和双站测向,制导雷达利用SDR提供的方向信息对无人机进行了精确定位跟踪。

关键词: 小型多旋翼无人机, RCS, 卷积神经网络, 软件无线电, 微多普勒, 地空导弹阵地

Abstract:

This paper aims to study the problems exposed during the Russia-Ukraine conflict, such as the close-range blind area of radar monitoring, difficulty in detecting small multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) within 5 km around the position, and vulnerability of the self-defense capability of surface-to-air missile positions when coping with penetration reconnaissance and fire attack guidance by small multi-rotor UAVs. Methods Three types of signals emitted by small multi-rotor UAVs are collected. FEKO software is adopted to simulate radar cross-section (RCS) patterns of UAVs under radar operation in different frequency bands. The time-frequency domain characteristics of the signals are analyzed, and the feasibility of employing these characteristics for effective detection is demonstrated. Results The adopted software defined radio (SDR) equipment can successfully intercept and identify the video transmission signals at distances of 100.33 m and 70.129 m from UAVs. By employing the azimuth information provided by SDR, the guidance radar can rapidly detect and track UAVs, which saves 9 min compared with the full-airspace independent search mode of the guidance radar alone, thus verifying the feasibility and practicability of the proposed method. Conclusion By carrying out analysis and verification, a detection method combining radio frequency (RF) signal monitoring and precise radar positioning is proposed. Real-flight UAV tests are conducted, and SDR equipment is employed for RF signal detection, identification, and bistatic direction finding. The guidance radar utilizes the directional information provided by SDR to achieve precise positioning and tracking of UAVs.

Key words: small multi-rotor UAV, rader cross-section(RCS), convolutional neural network, software defined radio, micro-Doppler, surface-to-air missile position

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