The target is the touchstone for testing weapons and equipment at present. In view of the current situation of the target and the development direction of the target in the future， firstly， according to the rapidly developing weapon systems in the world at present， the development history and current situation of the target in the United States， Russia， Europe， Israel， and other countries were compared and analyzed. Secondly， the targets were classified. According to the achievements of foreign target manufacturers， the design concept of several typical targets and the key role in training were analyzed in depth. This paper discussed the development direction of future targets recognized by the world at present， summarized them into five parts： stealth， versatility， cluster flight， high performance， and intelligence， and put forward development suggestions for key technological breakthroughs at present.

Driven by the increasing intelligence of potential threats and the continuous progress of current intelligent technology， the air and space defense combat system of systems （SoS） is not a linear superposition and mechanical stacking of equipment and technology but a comprehensive intelligent agent that organically integrates， dynamically adapts， and continuously evolves various combat elements. On the basis of analyzing the characteristics of intelligent air and space defense combat SoS， this paper innovated the intelligent design paradigm and concept， proposed a SoS architecture design method based on intelligent agent networks， and explored the key technologies of intelligent empowerment architecture design from three aspects： force nodes， force relationships， and adaptive mechanisms. This method provides an intelligent method reference for the top-level design of air and space defense forces， which helps to improve the intelligence and networking level of the construction and application of air and space defense combat SoS.