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Review of Technological Development and Trends of Foreign Shipboard Missile Launchers Qiang GUO, Zhiyan ZHANG, Jian LI, Huiguo QIN, Xueming PENG Modern Defense Technology    2026, 54 (2): 1-12.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2026.02.001 Abstract （5274）   HTML （1963）    PDF（pc） （5804KB）（18569）       Knowledge map    Save Shipboard missile launching systems have become the primary weaponry systems for modern naval vessels. Their technological level， structural configuration， and production costs directly impact the operational effectiveness， technical performance， and combat paradigms of entire shipborne systems. This paper presents the evolutionary process of technological iterations in international shipborne missile launch systems， outlines the technical characteristics， advantages， and limitations of typical launch systems， and comprehensively discusses the advantages， applications， and current developmental status of modular launch systems in foreign naval surface launch technologies. Based on future combat paradigms， missile launch requirements， and technological trends， the paper analyzes the key development directions and trends for shipboard missile launch systems， particularly modular systems， in the evolution of surface launching technologies. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on Prograde and Retrograde Orbit Interception Based on the Adjoint Method Yadong CHEN, Bo LÜ, Tianzhu REN, Junhui LIU Modern Defense Technology    2026, 54 (2): 82-91.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2026.02.007 Abstract （4704）   HTML （271）    PDF（pc） （2397KB）（3083）       Knowledge map    Save In view of the effect of different prograde and retrograde rendezvous modes on miss distance， the vehicle terminal guidance rendezvous process is modeled and analyzed based on the theory of adjoint method. The original model of the terminal guidance problem is established， and the adjoint model of the problem is established based on the adjoint method. Normalized analytical expressions for the influence of factors such as target maneuver and initial heading error on miss distance were obtained. Based on the above theoretical analysis， the characteristics of reverse orbit head-on rendezvous， pursuit following orbit rendezvous and forward following orbit rendezvous are summarized. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Target Assignment and Fire Scheduling Method for Unmanned Combat Systems Peilin LI, Jie GUO, Xifeng CHEN, Yangyang WAN, Shengjing TANG Modern Defense Technology    2026, 54 (2): 69-81.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2026.02.006 Abstract （4583）   HTML （286）    PDF（pc） （3878KB）（3725）       Knowledge map    Save To address the real-time and efficiency requirements for multi-target cooperative interception by unmanned combat systems in dynamic battlefield scenarios， this paper proposes a greedy target assignment and fire scheduling method based on dynamic time window （GTAFS-DTW）. By constructing a relative motion model between combat units and targets， the proposed method incorporates engagement distance constraints， task execution constraints， and target maneuver characteristics. a dynamic time window screening mechanism is designed with the optimization objective of minimizing engagement time and impact time difference. On this basis， a hierarchical greedy strategy is adopted to prioritize unit-target pairs with overlapping feasible engagement intervals， and temporal cooperative optimization is achieved through iterative adjustment of window boundaries and fire scheduling. Simulation results demonstrate that GTAFS-DTW effectively reduces impact time deviation to within 0.5 s in both lateral and longitudinal queue scenarios compared with traditional discrete particle swarm optimization （DPSO）， significantly enhancing computational efficiency and satisfying real-time optimization requirements. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Target Association Method for IFF Based on Evidence Theory Shanyong YAN Modern Defense Technology    2026, 54 (2): 61-68.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2026.02.005 Abstract （4469）   HTML （295）    PDF（pc） （1795KB）（2618）       Knowledge map    Save To address the problem of association between IFF targets and radar targets in scenarios dense target scenarios， an association method based on evidence theory is proposed. A positional correlation model is established. Evidence and its basic probability assignment （BPA） are generated based on the azimuth and range measurement capabilities of the radar and IFF interrogator， as well as data from multiple measurements. Evidence derived from multiple measurements of the same target is combined using the Dempster rule to construct a combined evidence set. The association of all targets is completed sequentially based on a maximum value search within the combined evidence set. The simulation results demonstrate that， the proposed method achieves higher association accuracy than the nearest neighbor （NN） method at equivalent time complexity. Furthermore， compared to the Kuhn-Munkres （KM） algorithm， the proposed method achieves higher accuracy in most dense target scenarios with lower time complexity. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A Method for Rapid Acquiring and Tracking Hypersonic Cooperative Targets Jingxiao LI, Gege TIAN, Guanghui XU, Chenglu ZHAO, Jing LUO Modern Defense Technology    2026, 54 (2): 92-99.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2026.02.008 Abstract （3906）   HTML （229）    PDF（pc） （3497KB）（633）       Knowledge map    Save Aiming at the urgent requirements of guidance radar to guide hypersonic weapons to intercept incoming targets in fiercely air-to-ground military confrontation， rapid acquisition and tracking technologies are studied. There are several problems need to be solved： one is the RCS of hypersonic missiles/shells is small that not easy to acquire， the second is the hypersonic missiles/shells flight speed is high and has a wide speed distribution that difficult to detect and track. The problems are solved from three aspects： radar system design， waveform design and tracking model design. Through the design of radar operating system based on narrowband signal processing and PD processing， the influence of range migration is reduced， and the detectability of dim target under strong clutter background is improved. Through the design of guidance waveform based on double PRF（pulse repetition frequency） sets， the velocity ambiguity in Doppler is resolved. Through the design of search interception screen based on prior information and the design of taking velocity into track initiation and track correlation model， the rapid acquisition and stable tracking of hypersonic cooperative targets are realized. The effectiveness of the proposed model is fully verified in the semi-physical simulation test. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Threat Assessment of Penetrating Counter Air Platforms Based on Combination Weighting TOPSIS Menggao TAO, Bingqie WANG, Qingxin ZHANG, Wenjie WEI, Jide TANG, Wensi HE Modern Defense Technology    2026, 54 (2): 48-60.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2026.02.004 Abstract （3874）   HTML （321）    PDF（pc） （962KB）（650）       Knowledge map    Save To address the multidimensional threats posed by the U.S. air force's penetrating counter air （PCA） operational system to China's air defense security， this study resolves the evaluation bias caused by the imbalance between subjective and objective weights in traditional threat assessment methods by innovatively constructing a “combined weighting TOPSIS” evaluation model. An assessment framework encompassing seven core metrics—including collaborative command and control effectiveness， electromagnetic suppression capability， and fire strike effectiveness—is established based on PCA operational characteristics. Subsequently， the entropy weight method is employed to quantify objective weights for platform intrinsic attributes， while the eigenvector method is utilized to derive subjective weights reflecting tactical intent. A game theory-based deviation minimization algorithm is introduced to achieve Nash equilibrium optimization of the combined subjective-objective weights. PCA platform threat assessment model is developed using the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution （TOPSIS）， enabling the prioritization of PCA platform threats. Case simulation results validate the effectiveness of this threat assessment methodology， which provides a reference framework for evaluating incoming PCA platform threats in counter-penetration operations. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis of the Impact of Aircraft Kinematic State on Radar Detection Probability Kunkun LI, Haiqing LUO, Zijing LIU, Tianxiang LIU Modern Defense Technology    2026, 54 (2): 100-109.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2026.02.009 Abstract （3513）   HTML （206）    PDF（pc） （1991KB）（522）       Knowledge map    Save Maintaining a low detection probability by defense radars in vital areas is a fundamental requirement for aircraft route planning during aerial surveys. This necessitates considering and assessing the variations in radar detection probability caused by the kinematic state uncertainty of the aircraft itself. To this end， analysis method based on unscented transformation （UT） is proposed to evaluate the impact of aircraft kinematic state uncertainty on detection probability. Relevant models regarding aircraft detection by radar are presented. The UT method is introduced to establish an process for the propagation of aircraft kinematic state （involving position， and attitude） uncertainty and their impact on radar detection probability. A simulation experiment scenario is designed wherein an aerial survey aircraft is detected by a single-pulse defense radar. The Monte Carlo method is employed to verify the high analysis accuracy of the UT method. Additionally， the patterns regarding how varying degrees of aircraft kinematic state uncertainty affect detection probability are analyzed. Furthermore， comparisons with the traditional linear covariance analysis method demonstrate that the UT method possesses both simplicity and high computational efficiency. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on Detection Methods for Countering Small and Micro Rotary-Wing UAVs at Surface-to-Air Missile Sites Shisheng YU, Ke WANG, Yu SUN, Jinghua NIU Modern Defense Technology    2026, 54 (3): 60-70.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2026.03.006 Abstract （3483）   HTML （267）    PDF（pc） （5358KB）（1175）       Knowledge map    Save This paper aims to study the problems exposed during the Russia-Ukraine conflict， such as the close-range blind area of radar monitoring， difficulty in detecting small multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicles （UAVs） within 5 km around the position， and vulnerability of the self-defense capability of surface-to-air missile positions when coping with penetration reconnaissance and fire attack guidance by small multi-rotor UAVs. Methods Three types of signals emitted by small multi-rotor UAVs are collected. FEKO software is adopted to simulate radar cross-section （RCS） patterns of UAVs under radar operation in different frequency bands. The time-frequency domain characteristics of the signals are analyzed， and the feasibility of employing these characteristics for effective detection is demonstrated. Results The adopted software defined radio （SDR） equipment can successfully intercept and identify the video transmission signals at distances of 100.33 m and 70.129 m from UAVs. By employing the azimuth information provided by SDR， the guidance radar can rapidly detect and track UAVs， which saves 9 min compared with the full-airspace independent search mode of the guidance radar alone， thus verifying the feasibility and practicability of the proposed method. Conclusion By carrying out analysis and verification， a detection method combining radio frequency （RF） signal monitoring and precise radar positioning is proposed. Real-flight UAV tests are conducted， and SDR equipment is employed for RF signal detection， identification， and bistatic direction finding. The guidance radar utilizes the directional information provided by SDR to achieve precise positioning and tracking of UAVs. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Overview of Military Simulation Experiment Technology Zhen ZHAO, Xiaolin ZHAO, Maolin GAO, Jie MIN, Weikang CHEN Modern Defense Technology    2026, 54 (2): 34-47.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2026.02.003 Abstract （3480）   HTML （335）    PDF（pc） （2667KB）（1337）       Knowledge map    Save Currently， countries worldwide attach great importance to the development and application of military simulation experiment technology， which plays a key role in improving combat capability， supporting equipment demonstration， promoting the innovation of tactics and methods， optimizing joint operation processes， and supporting technology research， development， and verification. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of military simulation experiment technology. It first elucidates the core concepts， logical processes， and the close connections among model classifications. Then， starting from the top-level architecture of military simulation software， it deeply analyzes mainstream simulation engines， frameworks， and typical systems to demonstrate their support for military simulation experiment technology. Finally， it explores the application prospects of new technologies such as artificial intelligence and the Metaverse in military simulation， comprehensively presenting the overall architecture and development trajectory of military simulation experiment technology. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on Unexploded Ordnance Disposal Technology Based on Drone in Low Altitude Environment Yongliang HE, Zhenyu GAO, Hui TANG, Chen FEI Modern Defense Technology    2026, 54 (3): 50-59.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2026.03.005 Abstract （3384）   HTML （279）    PDF（pc） （2053KB）（938）       Knowledge map    Save With the continuous advancement of combat-oriented training， a certain number of unexploded ordnance （UXO） may appear on field training grounds. Manual methods for UXO disposal involve high risks and require considerable manpower. Meanwhile， the rapid transformation of operational support in low-altitude airspace environments provides new possibilities for disposing of UXO. This paper mainly introduces UAV-based UXO disposal technology from the perspective of low-altitude UAV operations. It first reviews the current research status of UXO detection， recognition， and neutralization technologies， and then summarizes the existing difficulties and challenges based on an analysis of the full process of UXO disposal. Taking UAV-based UXO disposal as an example， it explores key technologies such as the construction of training range maps， UXO recognition algorithms， and neutralization methods. Finally， it puts forward views on future development， aiming to provide guidance for the application of UXO disposal in subsequent low-altitude combat support. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on the Discriminability Between Ships and Corner Reflector Arrays Based on Dual-Radar HRRP Similarity Xiaofeng AI, Yihang HU, Li GONG Modern Defense Technology    2026, 54 (3): 1-10.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2026.03.001 Abstract （3370）   HTML （1393）    PDF（pc） （4288KB）（10615）       Knowledge map    Save Corner reflector arrays can generate high resolution range profiles （HRRPs） similar to those of ship targets， posing significant challenges to existing radar recognition systems. However， the variation patterns of HRRPs for corner reflector arrays and ship targets differ with observation angles. Leveraging this distinction， this paper proposes a dual-radar HRRP similarity feature to discriminate between corner reflector arrays and ship targets. Electromagnetic simulation results demonstrate that this feature effectively captures the differences in HRRP stability under varying viewing angles for the two target types. When the line-of-sight angle between two radars exceeds 60°and the signal-to-clutter ratio （SCR） is -2 dB， the recognition accuracy for distinguishing corner reflector arrays from ships reaches 99.07% using the dual-radar HRRP similarity feature. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A Bird-Flocking-Inspired Phase Transition Control Method for UAV Swarms Driven by Phase Transition Rate Jingjing WU, Ming HE, Wei HAN, Chengzhuo LIU, Tao YUE, Haotian CHEN Modern Defense Technology    2026, 54 (3): 38-49.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2026.03.004 Abstract （3325）   HTML （303）    PDF（pc） （3689KB）（1126）       Knowledge map    Save To address insufficient stability in the bird-flocking-inspired phase transition control model for UAV swarms， an improved method based on phase transition rate is proposed. By comparing the behavior of natural bird flocks with that of the bird-flocking-inspired phase transition control model， the regulatory mechanism of the temporal effect of phase transition on group stability is revealed. Based on the leader-follower architecture， a control protocol including attraction， repulsion， alignment， and circling terms is constructed. The temporal characteristics are quantified by the dynamic adjustment rate of the coefficients of behavioral control terms， which is defined as the “phase transition rate”. Simulation experiments show that under the condition of a low phase transition rate， UAV swarms can achieve stable transitions from an ordered state to three behaviors： dispersion， aggregation， and circling. Comparative experiments indicate that the order parameter of low-rate phase transition is higher than 0.9， and the span of the stable interval is 3.67 times that of high-rate phase transition， which confirms that reducing the phase transition rate can improve the stability of behavioral transitions. Furthermore， a low phase transition rate inhibits the formation of vortex phases， indicating qualitative differences in behavioral patterns across different phase transition rates. This study demonstrates significant advantages in increasing the number of phase states in UAV swarms and improving phase transition stability. It not only verifies the key regulatory mechanism of phase transition rate on the phase transition process， but also provides new theoretical and methodological support for enhancing the engineering practicability of the bird-flocking-inspired model for UAV swarms. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Review of Image Restoration Methods Based on Lucky Imaging Pin LÜ, Yiquan WU Modern Defense Technology    2026, 54 (2): 13-33.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2026.02.002 Abstract （3063）   HTML （353）    PDF（pc） （3369KB）（1413）       Knowledge map    Save Lucky imaging constitutes a pivotal approach for restoring turbulence-degraded imagery. Recent advances have explored method optimizations across diverse application scenarios. However， existing reviews published years ago do not cover breakthroughs from the past decade. This study conducts a thorough investigation of cutting-edge algorithms， first introducing classical methodologies and outlining persistent challenges. We then elaborate on the developments and applications through three dimensions： real-time implementation， multi-target adaptability， and integration with complementary image processing techniques. A dedicated turbulence dataset is released alongside systematic analysis of benchmark datasets， evaluation metrics， and comparative performance of leading methods. Scenario-specific applicability and inherent limitations are analyzed， culminating in six future trajectories： GPU-edge heterogeneous computing， dynamic turbulence modeling with non-stationary compensation， data-driven end-to-end fusion， multi-modal cross-scale restoration， event-camera-based dynamic imaging， and standardized evaluation frameworks with open-source ecosystems. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Anomaly Detection in Radar Reconnaissance Signals Using Multidimensional Temporal Intelligence Fusion Network Linxuan HUANG, Minghao HE, Chunlai YU, Mingyue FENG, Fuqun ZHANG, Yinan ZHANG Modern Defense Technology    2026, 54 (2): 118-127.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2026.02.011 Abstract （2967）   HTML （174）    PDF（pc） （1953KB）（288）       Knowledge map    Save Addressing the issue of data anomalies in radar countermeasure reconnaissance signals caused by susceptibility to interference in complex electromagnetic environments， this paper proposes a multidimensional temporal intelligent fusion network （MDTFusionNet）. The architecture integrates temporal convolutional network（TCN）， long short-term memory（LSTM）， and self-attention mechanisms with a gated network that dynamically adjusts module weights through a gated network， and optimizes model robustness by combining weight sparsity constraints. This constructs an anomaly detection model capable of not only capturing short-term fluctuations in radar signals and grasping long-term trends but also dynamically focusing on critical pulse information. To verify its effectiveness， multi-layer perceptron（MLP）， TCN， and LeNet networks are used for comparison， and evaluations are conducted from the perspectives of loss function and accuracy. Experimental results show that the loss function outliers of MDTFusionNet are significantly smaller than those of traditional models， and the accuracy is higher. Ablation studies further confirm that each component in MDTFusionNet has its respective role， enabling better learning of temporal data feature distributions and accurate anomaly detection， verifying its superiority and practicality in radar countermeasure reconnaissance signal anomaly detection. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Review of the U.S. Timing Warfare: Concept, Progress and Revelation Peng GAO, Ke SU, Longwei XU, Yuhan ZHANG, Ke LIANG, Jiale WEI Modern Defense Technology    2026, 54 (3): 28-37.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2026.03.003 Abstract （2959）   HTML （308）    PDF（pc） （864KB）（1137）       Knowledge map    Save In view of the vulnerabilities inherent in satellite navigation system timing， the U.S. military initially proposed the concept of timing warfare， underscoring the necessity for enhanced emphasis on timing information within the positioning， navigation， and timing （PNT） architecture. This conceptual framework subsequently catalyzed the formulation of a series of legislative measures pertaining to timing security. Given the current academic vacuum in timing warfare research， in contrast to Navigation Warfare， this paper systematically examines the conceptual underpinnings and policy evolution of timing warfare， delineates its potential operational manifestations， surveys relevant technological capacity development， and analyzes illustrative cases of timing-related conflicts. Ultimately， it elucidates the strategic implications of the timing warfare concept's emergence and evolution for China's national timekeeping infrastructure development. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Reinforcement Learning-Based Cooperative Trajectory Planning for Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicles and Decoy UAVs Haozhe QI, Mingfa ZHENG, Xiaorong HU, Nan YANG Modern Defense Technology    2026, 54 (3): 71-81.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2026.03.007 Abstract （2955）   HTML （237）    PDF（pc） （2932KB）（798）       Knowledge map    Save Unmanned aerial vehicle （UAV） cooperative combat is crucial in modern warfare. The cooperative mode between unmanned combat aerial vehicles （UCAVs） and decoy UAVs has gained significant attention due to its tactical value. This paper proposes a cooperative trajectory planning method based on the proximal policy optimization （PPO） algorithm for UCAV and decoy UAV strike missions against key enemy targets. We construct a Markov decision process （MDP） model incorporating dynamic threat assessment， integrating UAV kinematics and battlefield constraints， and design the state/action spaces and a hierarchical reward function. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively guides UCAVs and decoys to achieve efficient cooperation in complex environments， significantly increasing mission success rates while reducing interception risks from enemy air defense systems. This provides theoretical and technical support for intelligent path planning in UAV cooperative operations. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on Aerial Target Position Tracking for IFF Interrogator Antenna Xuehai TU Modern Defense Technology    2026, 54 (2): 110-117.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2026.02.010 Abstract （2910）   HTML （173）    PDF（pc） （1203KB）（374）       Knowledge map    Save In response to the issues of inaccurate tracking of aerial moving targets and signal quality degradation caused by pitch， roll， and heading disturbances affecting the interrogator antenna of the identification friend or foe （IFF） system， this paper proposes and designs a dual-motor coordinated PID control method with feedforward compensation based on motion twist for target position calculation. The method calculates the target’s coordinates using azimuth， distance， and elevation angle data provided by the radar. Pitch， roll， and heading disturbance signals are embedded into the target position through motion twist transformation， with the resulting azimuth and elevation angles serving as control commands. The derivative of these commands is used as feedforward compensation to enhance system response speed. Simulation results demonstrate that this approach effectively mitigates the three types of ship attitude disturbances and enables rapid and precise tracking of aerial targets. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Bayesian Regularization Design Method for Test Samples of Multi-sensitive Factor Anti-suppression Interference Lin GENG, Jinxi HAN, Jianguang JIA, Yihui LIN, Zhiwen XU, Rui ZHAO Modern Defense Technology    2026, 54 (2): 137-146.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2026.02.013 Abstract （2892）   HTML （165）    PDF（pc） （1987KB）（257）       Knowledge map    Save To improve the anti-interference test capability of missiles in complex electromagnetic environments， this paper proposed a Bayesian regularization design method for test samples of multi-sensitive factor anti-suppression interference. First， this method analyzed the typical multi-sensitive factors affecting the anti-suppression interference capability of the seeker and then designed a Bayesian regularization network to solve the test sample design problem of missile anti-interference. The constructed Bayesian regularization network for multi-sensitive factor anti-suppression interference tests could establish a nonlinear mapping relationship between different multi-sensitive anti-interference influencing factors and anti-interference capability， greatly reducing the sample size of traditional all-factor traversal tests. Then， the hyperparameter solving method for the constructed network was studied， thereby realizing the Bayesian regularization design method for test samples. Finally， simulation experiments on typical anti-suppression interference were conducted to verify the performance of the proposed test sample design method. The results indicate that the Bayesian regularization test sample design for multi-sensitive factor anti-suppression interference effectively shortens the time cycle， saves test resources， and provides theoretical support for the anti-interference test evaluation of precision-guided missiles. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Specific Emitter Identification Algorithm Based on Sample Alignment and Semi-global Attention Mechanism Zhiqiang ZHANG, Jin HU, Jinxin XU, Yunsong WU Modern Defense Technology    2026, 54 (2): 128-136.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2026.02.012 Abstract （2887）   HTML （164）    PDF（pc） （1575KB）（261）       Knowledge map    Save To address the issues of incomplete data cleaning mechanisms for specific emitter signals and insufficient adaptive feature representation capability leading to low individual recognition rates， this paper proposes an individual identification algorithm incorporating sample alignment and a semi-global attention mechanism. During the data preprocessing stage， the main components of specific emitter intermediate frequency （IF） signals are extracted through multi-condition dual-threshold processing， enabling arrival time synchronization across samples. Subsequently， multi-dimensional feature alignment operations， including pulse width alignment and amplitude normalization， are performed， ensuring the cleaned samples gain generalization capability for individuals with identical frequency points. A semi-global attention mechanism is introduced and integrated with a dual-channel convolutional neural network （CNN）， strengthening the network's feature representation capacity while maintaining training efficiency. This mechanism combines semi-global geometric similarity with learnable similarity measures， employing parallel processing of sparse attention scores to preserve long-range feature dependencies， thereby achieving more accurate feature details and higher computational efficiency. Experimental results on measured specific emitter signal datasets indicate that the proposed method effectively address the challenges of uneven data distribution and inadequate adaptive feature representation， significantly improving model recognition accuracy. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Review of the Capability Development of Kinetic Energy Interception Weapon Huaiping WANG, Lin ZHANG, Qishen HE, Jing WU Modern Defense Technology    2026, 54 (3): 11-27.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2026.03.002 Abstract （2759）   HTML （332）    PDF（pc） （4358KB）（1484）       Knowledge map    Save Air and space offense and defense determine the main direction of war. Air and space defense is the main battlefield of air and space offense and defense operations. Kinetic energy interception hard damage is the main combat mode of air and space defense. The development of kinetic energy interception weapon capabilities involves national strategic interests and air and space security. The development trend of kinetic energy interception weapons was analyzed. The generation mode of operational requirements for kinetic energy interception weapons， the integration method of advanced technologies， the engineering design implementation mode and the analysis framework of the coupling model were constructed. The interaction relationship at each coupling level， the iterative evolution path and other capability development logics were briefly expounded. Based on the coupled model of kinetic energy interception weapon capability development， the current development status and progress of advanced technologies and key solutions related to capability development are sorted out and analyzed in a focused manner. It can provide a reference for improving the quality and speed of the development and evolution of kinetic energy interception weapons， and may have certain reference value for researchers related to kinetic energy interception weapons in air and space defense. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）