With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence technology， unmanned systems are increasingly applied in the military domain， particularly in maritime operations， becoming a novel mode of warfare. This paper reviews the domestic and international research progress of unmanned swarm combat technology in maritime battlefields， analyzing the latest achievements by various countries and exploring its practical applications in maritime operations. It proposes a framework for unmanned swarm combat systems tailored to maritime battlefields， encompassing multiple layers such as combat platforms， communication networks， mission applications， and command and control. Core functional tasks， including reconnaissance and surveillance as well as firepower strikes， are discussed in depth. Furthermore， the paper examines evaluation metrics， influencing factors， and existing challenges in unmanned swarm combat on the maritime battlefield. It forecasts future development trends in unmanned swarm combat technology for maritime battlefields， focusing on the potential and challenges in technology integration， diversification of combat styles， and cost-effectiveness. The aim is to provide theoretical support and technical references for advancing the application of unmanned swarm technology in maritime battlefields.