At present， the research on the correlation between dynamic aerodynamic and ballistic characteristics of small multi-wing aircraft is still limited. In this paper， the aerodynamic flow and ballistic characteristics of aircraft are comprehensively analyzed， and optimization design is conducted. Further， the design method of small aircraft with extended range is proposed. First， the function layout of aircraft is analyzed systematically， and the layout and composition of the aircraft subsystems are designed from the optimal view of the whole system. An aircraft model with blunt-headed warhead， multi-piece wing， and tail is proposed. Second， through the analysis of computational fluid dynamics and the influence of 4， 6， and 8 wings on the aerodynamic characteristics of the aircraft and the flow mechanism， the method of selecting appropriate wings according to the lift-to-drag ratio requirements in different tasks is proposed. Finally， a three-loop pilot is designed according to the proportional navigation guidance law， and a range maximization optimization method using cubic B-spline functions is proposed. The dynamic characteristics of rigid body trajectory are simulated and designed. The aircraft can maintain flight stability under the condition of multiple sets of wings， and the effectiveness of extending the range of multi-wing configuration is validated. Thus， the present research can provide effective methodological references and theoretical basis for the aerodynamic ballistic collaborative design of small multi-wing aircraft.