无线通信系统接收端的强电磁脉冲防护仿真实验设计

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2025.05.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对无线通信系统易在强电磁脉冲的影响下损坏的问题，以吸盘天线及其接收回路为例，对无线通信系统接收端的强电磁脉冲耦合效应及防护设计进行了研究，利用CST软件建立吸盘天线模型并仿真其耦合电压，再利用ADS软件输入耦合电压，并对接收回路各端口耦合电压进行测试。针对耦合电压的时频域波形，设计了由浪涌防护器件、PIN限幅电路、滤波电路组成的三级防护电路。经仿真验证，针对6 000 V的天线耦合电压，经过防护电路后，输出电压仅为1.2 V左右，插入损耗小于3 dB，且防护效果可达73 dB，远超一般防护效能，能够很好地起到防护作用。

关键词: 通信系统, 接收回路, 电磁脉冲, 电磁, 防护, 仿真

Abstract:

Aiming at the problem that wireless communication systems are easy to be damaged under the influence of strong electromagnetic pulses， this paper took the suction cup antenna and its receiving circuit as an example and studied the coupling effect of strong electromagnetic pulses and the protection design at the receiving end of the wireless communication system. The suction cup antenna model was established using CST software， and its coupling voltage was simulated， and then the coupling voltage was imported into ADS software to test the coupling voltage of each port of the receiving circuit. According to the time-frequency domain waveform of the coupling voltage， a three-level protection circuit composed of a surge protection device， a PIN limiting circuit， and a filter circuit was designed. After simulation verification， for a 6 000 V antenna coupling voltage， the output voltage after the protection circuit was only about 1.2 V， with insertion loss less than 3dB， and the protection effect reached up to 73 dB， which is far higher than the common protection efficiency. The designed scheme provides effective protection against a strong electromagnetic pulse.

Key words: communication system, receiving circuit, electromagnetic pulse, electromagnetic, protection, simulation

中图分类号:

TN975

田德逸, 郑旺辉. 无线通信系统接收端的强电磁脉冲防护仿真实验设计[J]. 现代防御技术, 2025, 53(5): 169-181.

Deyi TIAN, Wanghui ZHENG. Experimental Design of Simulation for Strong Electromagnetic Pulse Protection at Receiving End of Wireless Communication Systems[J]. Modern Defense Technology, 2025, 53(5): 169-181.

图/表 29

图1 LEMP时频域波形图

Fig. 1 LEMP time-frequency domain waveform

图2 HEMP时频域波形图

Fig. 2 HEMP time-frequency domain waveform

图3 强电磁脉冲耦合路径图

Fig. 3 Strong EMP coupling path diagram

图4 吸盘天线实物图

Fig. 4 Suction cup antenna

图5 吸盘天线的CST模型

Fig. 5 Suction cup antenna CST model

图6 吸盘天线的S参数曲线

Fig. 6 Suction cup antenna S-parameter curve

图7 CST中的强电磁脉冲时频域波形图

Fig. 7 Time-frequency domain waveform of CST strong electromagnetic pulse

图8 天线耦合电压

Fig. 8 Antenna coupling voltage

图9 CST模型

Fig. 9 CST model

图10 裸露单芯线强电磁脉冲耦合电压

Fig. 10 Strong EMP coupling voltage on bare single-core cable

图11 裸露屏蔽线缆强电磁脉冲耦合电压

Fig. 11 Strong EMP coupling voltage for exposed shielded cables

图12 金属箱体内单芯线强电磁脉冲耦合电压

Fig. 12 Single-core cable strong EMP coupling voltage inside a metal box

图13 无线通信系统收发信号原理框图

Fig. 13 Block diagram of wireless communication system transmitting and receiving signals

图14 超外差接收机原理框图

Fig. 14 Block diagram of super-aberrant receiver

图15 超外差接收回路电路图

Fig. 15 Circuit diagram of super-aberration receiving circuit

图16 超外差接收回路各端口输出电压

Fig. 16 Input and output voltage of each port of the super-aberration receiver circuit

图17 TVS管等效防护电路原理图

Fig. 17 Schematic diagram of equivalent protection circuit of TVS

图18 浪涌防护电路S参数曲线

Fig. 18 Surge protection circuit S parameter take line

图19 浪涌防护电路测试图

Fig. 19 Surge protection circuit test chart

图20 等效PIN限幅电路原理图

Fig. 20 Equivalent PIN limiter circuit schematic

图21 PIN限幅电路输入输出

Fig. 21 PIN limiter circuit input/output curve

图22 S参数曲线

Fig. 22 S-parameter cuwe

图23 天线滤波电路原理图

Fig. 23 Antenna Filter Circuit Schematic

图24 天线滤波电路S参数曲线

Fig.24 Antenna filter circuit s-parameter curve

图25 正弦波激励时的输入输出曲线图

Fig. 25 Input-output curves for sine wave excitation

图26 无线通信系统整体防护电路原理图

Fig. 26 Schematic diagram of overall protection circuit for wireless communication system

图27 天线及线缆整体耦合电压

Fig. 27 Overall antenna and cable coupling voltage

图28 无线通信系统防护电路各端口输出电压

Fig. 28 Output voltage of each port of protection circuit of wireless communication system

图29 防护电路S参数（插入损耗）曲线

Fig. 29 S-parameter of Protective circuit insertion loss pickup

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