Half-Space Scanning Beam and Polarization Synthesis of Conical Conformal Array

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2025.03.016

Abstract

Abstract:

The conformal array antenna is affected by the curvature of the carrier， and the pattern and polarization direction of each element are different， resulting in low beam synthesis efficiency and difficulty in suppressing high cross polarization levels when synthesizing wide-angle scanning beams. At present， most algorithms such as differential evolution are used for global optimization of conformal arrays， the process of array synthesis is complex and the synthesis efficiency is low. This paper is based on a conical conformal array layout， using a beam polarization synthesis algorithm based on projection rules to achieve efficient synthesis of wide-angle beam scanning and high polarization purity. The calculation results show that the proposed analytical algorithm can achieve high-performance beam scanning of conformal array in the half space， maintaining good low cross polarization characteristics in the main beam. The accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm are verified using high-frequency simulation software based on full wave numerical methods. This method can provide a theoretical basis for the engineering implementation of high-performance conformal array.

Key words: conformal array, cross polarization, pattern synthesis, projection rule, wide-angle scanning

摘要：

共形阵天线受载体曲率影响，各阵元的方向图和极化方向均不相同，造成共形阵天线在大角度波束综合时存在波束综合效率低、高交叉极化电平难以抑制等问题。目前大多采用差分进化等算法进行共形阵全局优化，阵列综合的过程复杂、效率低。基于一种圆锥台结构的共形阵天线布局，采用以投影规则为依据的波束极化综合算法，实现了对共形阵的大角度波束扫描和高极化纯度的高效综合。计算结果表明，提出的解析算法能够实现共形阵天线在半空域内的高性能波束扫描，在主波束内始终保持良好的低交叉极化特性。最后采用基于全波数值方法的高频仿真软件验证了所提出算法的准确性和有效性。该方法可为高性能共形阵的工程实现提供理论基础。

关键词: 共形阵, 交叉极化, 方向图综合, 投影规则, 宽角扫描

CLC Number:

TN821

Qiang LÜ, Yufei WEI, Xi CHEN, Haopeng LIU. Half-Space Scanning Beam and Polarization Synthesis of Conical Conformal Array[J]. Modern Defense Technology, 2025, 53(3): 139-149.

吕强, 魏宇飞, 陈曦, 刘皓鹏. 圆锥台共形阵半空间扫描波束极化综合与分析[J]. 现代防御技术, 2025, 53(3): 139-149.

Figures/Tables 18

Fig. 1 Modeling schematic diagram of conformal array antenna beam synthesis algorithm

Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of antenna unit phase compensation

Fig. 3 Schematic diagram of effective radiation area

Fig. 4 Beam pointing and main polarization direction

Fig. 5 Top view of conformal array antenna unit distribution

Fig. 6 Scanning antenna pattern in the elevation plane

Fig. 7 Scanning antenna pattern in the elevation plane

Fig. 8 Scanning antenna pattern in the azimuth plane

Fig.9 Scanning antenna pattern in different elevation planes

Fig. 10 Scanning antenna pattern with different effective radiation area

Fig. 11 Model diagram of antenna sub-array

Fig. 12 Schematic diagram of conical conformal array model

Fig. 13 Full wave simulation model for array antenna

Fig. 14 Full wave simulation model for array antenna

Fig. 15 Antenna pattern comparison between two methods

Fig. 16 Antenna pattern comparison between two methods

Fig. 17 Antenna pattern comparison between two methods

Fig. 18 Antenna pattern comparison between two methods

References 15

1	GU Pengfei， WANG Gui， FAN Zhenhong， et al. An Efficient Approach for the Synthesis of Large Sparse Planar Array［J］. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation， 2019， 67（12）： 7320-7330.
2	LI Xin， GAO Kun， LI Chen， et al. Design of Hemi-Spherical Conformal Array with a Wide-Angle Scanning［C］∥2016 IEEE International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology （ICMMT）. Piscataway： IEEE， 2016： 461-463.
3	林杰. 球面共形阵的宽带宽角扫描技术研究［D］. 成都：电子科技大学， 2019.
	LIN Jie. Research on Wide Bandwidth Angular Scanning Technology of Spherical Conformal Array［D］. Chengdu： University of Electronic Science and Technology of China， 2019.
4	刘海波，韩宇新，武兴恺，等. 圆柱共形阵低副瓣波束形成算法研究［J］. 信号处理， 2023， 39（12）： 2190-2204.
	LIU Haibo， HAN Yuxin， WU Xingkai， et al. Research on Low Sidelobe Beamforming Algorithm of Cylindrical Conformal Array［J］. Journal of Signal Processing， 2023， 39（12）： 2190-2204.
5	刘风帆. 基于微带天线的共形天线阵列研究［D］. 成都：电子科技大学， 2022.
	LIU Fengfan. Research on Conformal Antenna Array Based on Microstrip Antenna［D］. Chengdu： University of Electronic Science and Technology of China， 2022.
6	韦佳. 圆柱共形阵列天线的研究与设计［D］. 桂林：桂林电子科技大学， 2017.
	WEI Jia. Study and Design on the Antenna of Cylinder Conformal Array［D］. Guilin： Guilin University of Electronic Technology， 2017.
7	黄博伟. 基于迭代凸优化的圆锥台共形阵波束形成方法［D］. 成都：电子科技大学， 2023.
	HUANG Bowei. Beamforming Algorithms for Conical Conformal Array Based on Iterative Convex Optimization［D］. Chengdu： University of Electronic Science and Technology of China， 2023.
8	何小静. 弹载共形阵列设计与波束综合［D］. 西安：西安电子科技大学， 2020.
	HE Xiaojing. Design and Beam Synthesis of Missile-Borne Conformal Array［D］. Xi'an： Xidian University， 2020.
9	王力，于大群，王奇. 机载分布式智能蒙皮波束综合算法研究［J］. 电波科学学报， 2024， 39（2）： 237-243.
	WANG Li， YU Daqun， WANG Qi. Research on Pattern Synthesis of the Distributed Airborne Smart Skin［J］. Chinese Journal of Radio Science， 2024， 39（2）： 237-243.
10	张鹏. 大角度扫描共形阵波束综合技术研究［D］. 西安：西安电子科技大学， 2022.
	ZHANG Peng. Research on Beam Synthesis Technology of Large-Angle Scanning Conformal Array［D］. Xi'an： Xidian University， 2022.
11	王昆鹏. 基于共形阵的天线布阵及波束形成的研究［D］. 桂林：桂林电子科技大学， 2018.
	WANG Kunpeng. Study on Antenna Array and Beam-Forming Based on Conformal Array［D］. Guilin： Guilin University of Electronic Technology， 2018.
12	张凡. 锥台共形阵天线与特定用途天线研究［D］. 西安：西安电子科技大学， 2011.
	ZHANG Fan. Research on the Conical Conformal Arrays and Antennas Used in Special Fields［D］. Xi'an： Xidian University， 2011.
13	KARIMKASHI S， ZHANG Guifu， KELLEY R， et al. Cylindrical Polarimetric Phased Array Radar Demonstrator： Design and Analysis of a Frequency Scanning Antenna Array［C］∥2013 IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems and Technology. Piscataway： IEEE， 2013： 477-480.
14	唐绍宇，姜兴. 基于投影规则旋转阵元的极化补偿方法［J］. 桂林电子科技大学学报， 2017， 37（2）： 102-105.
	TANG Shaoyu， JIANG Xing. A Polarization Compensation Method of Rotate Array Unit Based on Projection Rule［J］. Journal of Guilin University of Electronic Technology， 2017， 37（2）： 102-105.
15	何庆强，侯禄平，何海丹，等. 全空域电扫共形天线阵设计［J］. 微波学报， 2012， 28（增2）： 42-45.
	HE Qingqiang， HOU Luping， HE Haidan， et al. Design of Electronically Steered Conformal Array for Hemispherical Coverage［J］. Journal of Microwaves， 2012， 28（S2）： 42-45.