With the increasing number of space objects， space environment is becoming more complex， variable and uncertain， which puts forward new requirements for the comprehensiveness， responsiveness and depth of space traffic management system. Event cameras have advantages of high temporal resolution， high dynamic range， low data redundancy， low delay， etc.， which can improve the quality and speed of spatial information acquisition and information processing， and provide a new solution to the above requirements. This paper first summarizes the severe situation of current space environment， the functions， objectives and problems of space traffic management. Then， the basic principle of event cameras is introduced， and application advantages， situation and challenges of event cameras in space traffic management are analyzed， and the future research content is prospected.