Aiming at the temperature control problem of the hypersonic vehicle transpiration cooling system， this paper proposes an active disturbance rejection controller （ADRC） to adjust the temperature of the porous medium on the vehicle wall based on the one-dimensional fixed boundary sweating cooling model， whose effectiveness and advantages are verified by a numerical simulation. The controller does not rely on the precise mathematical model of the temperature field of the porous medium. The heat flow disturbance is suppressed by extracting and compensating disturbance information from the input and output data of the system. The simulation results show that the ADRC designed for the transpiration cooling system can quickly track the reference temperature. Compared with the traditional PID control， the temperature response under ADRC has no overshoot. In addition， when external heat flow interference occurs， the ADRC has strong robustness and adaptability， which can provide a certain reference for the engineering application of transpiration cooling control systems.