Driven by the increasing intelligence of potential threats and the continuous progress of current intelligent technology， the air and space defense combat system of systems （SoS） is not a linear superposition and mechanical stacking of equipment and technology but a comprehensive intelligent agent that organically integrates， dynamically adapts， and continuously evolves various combat elements. On the basis of analyzing the characteristics of intelligent air and space defense combat SoS， this paper innovated the intelligent design paradigm and concept， proposed a SoS architecture design method based on intelligent agent networks， and explored the key technologies of intelligent empowerment architecture design from three aspects： force nodes， force relationships， and adaptive mechanisms. This method provides an intelligent method reference for the top-level design of air and space defense forces， which helps to improve the intelligence and networking level of the construction and application of air and space defense combat SoS.

Air attack and air defense training is faced with problems such as system construction and situation construction， and traditional training methods can no longer adapt the training needs of the new period.. This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of outside field real-force training and inside field simulation training， and puts forward the integration training method of inside and outside field based on the virtual-real combination. The key technologies for realizing the virtual-real combination are analyzed， and the technology of real-force sensing virtual-force based on air feed is studied. Theoretical derivation is given from the aspects of target echo control， flight track planning and multi-radar flight track fusion， and the technology of virtual-force fighting real-force based on agent is analyzed， which provides a theoretical basis for the virtual and real mutual sensing and mutual resistance. The comprehensive use of inside and outside field resources has been applied for example， providing reference for the follow-up system construction and training mode innovation.

The shell model of fragment penetration is built by finite element analysis software ANSYS/LS-DYNA to study the penetration effect of G45 steel fragments with different qualities on medium and large caliber ammunition shells. The ammunition shell is changed into a Q235 steel plate by the equivalent formula， and numerical simulations of the penetration of the equivalent target plate Q235 steel by G45 steel fragments with different qualities at different speeds are carried out. The simulation results show that under the same mass， the penetration depth and diameter of G45 steel fragments impinging on the target plate increase with the rising velocity. The small mass G45 steel fragments of 4.7 g and 9.8 g cannot penetrate the equivalent target of medium and large caliber projectiles in the velocity range of 800–1800 m/s. The limit penetration velocity of 19.5 g G45 steel fragment penetrating the equivalent target of 20 mm medium and large caliber projectiles is between 1 200 and 1 400 m/s.

In view of the safety accidents when the ammunition itself is attacked by the enemy or improperly operated and the safety problems of high-value weapon platform ammunition， through a large number of data research， on the basis of summarizing and analyzing the research progress of ammunition safety problems in western military powers， the types of assessment tests and the related research carried out by domestic scholars， combined with the shooting range test， eight kinds of test assessment methods for the safety test of the tested ammunition are put forward， including safety drop， bullet attack， fragment impact， liquid fuel/external fire， slow heating， symppathetic reaction， shaped charge jet and braking of rocket sled. The corresponding assessment requirements and evaluation methods are given for the reaction types and reaction levels of the tested ammunition after stimulation. Some suggestions are put forward for the research on ammunition safety in China.