The complex battlefield electromagnetic environment is an important element of the modern battlefield. It is important to master its connotation and characteristics to improve battlefield perception， weapon effectiveness， and survivability. The complex battlefield electromagnetic environment research has great application value for weapon capability. The basic concepts and research status of complex battlefield electromagnetic environment is summarized. The study of complex battlefield electromagnetic environment is summarized as electromagnetic environment description， monitoring， measurement and construction， and weapon adapt-ability test in two aspects of cognitive research and application research， and these five contents are discussed respectively. Finally， the future research direction and trend of complex battlefield electromagnetic environment are prospected