Abstract:

With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence technology， unmanned systems are increasingly applied in the military domain， particularly in maritime operations， becoming a novel mode of warfare. This paper reviews the domestic and international research progress of unmanned swarm combat technology in maritime battlefields， analyzing the latest achievements by various countries and exploring its practical applications in maritime operations. It proposes a framework for unmanned swarm combat systems tailored to maritime battlefields， encompassing multiple layers such as combat platforms， communication networks， mission applications， and command and control. Core functional tasks， including reconnaissance and surveillance as well as firepower strikes， are discussed in depth. Furthermore， the paper examines evaluation metrics， influencing factors， and existing challenges in unmanned swarm combat on the maritime battlefield. It forecasts future development trends in unmanned swarm combat technology for maritime battlefields， focusing on the potential and challenges in technology integration， diversification of combat styles， and cost-effectiveness. The aim is to provide theoretical support and technical references for advancing the application of unmanned swarm technology in maritime battlefields.

Key words: maritime battlefields, unmanned swarm operations, unmanned aerial vehicle （UAV）, unmanned surface vehicle （USV）, unmanned underwater vehicle （UUV）

摘要：

随着人工智能技术的迅猛发展，无人系统在军事领域，尤其是海上作战中的应用日益广泛，成为新型作战方式。回顾了海战场无人集群作战技术的国内外研究进展，分析了各国在该领域的最新成果，并探讨其在海上作战中的实际应用。提出了面向海战场的无人集群作战体系框架，涵盖作战平台、通信网络、任务应用及指挥控制等多个层面，并深入探讨侦察监视、火力打击等核心职能任务。还剖析了海战场无人集群作战的评价指标、影响因素及存在的问题。展望了未来海战场无人集群作战技术的发展趋势，特别是在技术融合、作战样式多样化与成本效益等方面的潜力与挑战，旨在为推动无人集群技术在海战场的应用提供理论支持与技术借鉴。

关键词: 海战场, 无人集群作战体系, 无人机, 无人水面艇, 无人潜航器