Modern Defense Technology

System Contribution Rate of the Antiaircraft Missile Weapon

YANG Xue, DONG Ai, ZHAO Wen-ting, ZOU Xiao-jian

2018, 46(3): 1-8. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2018.03.001

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Modern warfare is a confrontation between weapon systems, which objectively, scientifically and comprehensively measures the performance of weapons, or pays great attention on evaluating comprehensive performance of weapon systems at the beginning of designing and requirement phase. It is very important to reduce the risk of developing new weapons and technology and improves economic efficiency. This essay focuses on study of future newly evented antiaircraft missile weapon's system contribution rate to antiaircraft missile weapon system by analyzing on establishing weapon system contribution rate evaluating frame. It depicts weapon system contribution rate from five aspects including function and performance, technological regimes, structure of system, efficiency analysis and cycle of economic benefit, which theoretically supports on evaluating the performance of future newly evented antiaircraft missile weapon.

Effectiveness of Air Defense Missile Weapon System Based on Extension Theory

WANG Feng, ZHANG Lei

2018, 46(3): 9-17. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2018.03.002

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Based on the theory of extenics, the extension model of air defense missile weapon system was established. Using extended analysis principle and extension reasoning knowledge such as extension, divergence, and implication, the extensive analysis and modeling on firepower conversion, interception scheme generation and screening of air defense missile weapon system were carried out. The calculation on air defense efficiency was simulated. The simulation results conformed to the actual operational process, which made the intercepting scheme generation of the air defense missile weapon system more formal, more logical. It provided a new idea and a new method for calculating the efficiency of air defense missile weapon system. It laid a foundation for writing software programs to achieve intelligent processing.

Analysis and Simulation for Defending Hypersonic Glide Warhead

HUANG Zi-chen, ZHANG Ya-sheng, LIU Yao

2018, 46(3): 18-28. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2018.03.003

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Early warning system formed by infrared satellites of both high and low orbits is designed, and high thrown interception scheme is proposed to cope with the threat of hypersonic glide warhead. Dynamic model is established based on performance parameters of typical glide warhead and THAAD. Detection process and interception process are simulated by STK and Matlab softwares. The results shows that the infrared satellite constellation can achieve better binary coverage, the high thrown interception scheme has longer intercept window and bigger defense extent, the correcting capability of midcourse guidance is outstanding, and acceleration of terminal guidance is appropriate.

Detection of Presence of Towed Radar Active Decoy Integrated the Time-Frequency Characteristic

CHEN An-na

2018, 46(3): 29-34. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2018.03.004

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The towed radar active decoy (TRAD) flies with the airplane to form the triangular state through the maneuver flight, and the geometry relationship among the radar, airplane and decoy changes rapidly. In the course of jamming, the Doppler frequency characteristics of the airplane and the decoy are both time varying. Traditional FFT is unavailable to display the variety of frequency along with the time, brings out the expanded spectrum and declined resolution, and that causes the method based on the expanded spectrum limited when used for jamming detection. Based on the analysis of the jamming and time frequency characteristics, the LFM model of the target echo and jamming signal are approximated for sections, the time-frequency analysis is used to exhibit the variety law of the Doppler frequency vs time, and the Wigner-Ville Distribution and Hough transform are combined and adopted to detect the peak value of the multiple signals. The threshold is designed according to the decoy features, and the detection of presence of TRAD is realized. Simulation results under terminal condition illustrate the performance of the method.

Simplified Calculation Method of the Voyage for the Aircraft with Track Programmable Capability

YANG Hua-dong, TUO Hong-ping

2018, 46(3): 35-40. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2018.03.005

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To accurately calculate the voyage of the aircraft with the track programmable capability from the takeoff to the destination, a simplified method of calculating the voyage is proposed. According to the characteristics of the flight path of the programmable aircraft, the flight calculation process is decomposed into the flight section and the cruise section, the aircraft in plane turning model, the vertical in plane program decline model and the cruise section of multi way road curve description mathematical model are established. The geometric method is used to give the calculation method of each voyage, and the proposed method is generalized to the complex trajectory with N waypoints. The system verification shows that the error between the calculated value of the aircraft range and the measured value of the aircraft navigation system is very small, and it has the characteristics of fast calculation and high precision.

Image Segmentation and Improved SIFT for SAR Image Registration of Different Bands

WANG Yan-zhao, LI Bin, CUI Jian, ZHAN Bi-chao

2018, 46(3): 41-47. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2018.03.006

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An accurate registration method on the basis of threshold segmentation and optimized scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) feature descriptor is proposed for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images with different bands. Improved 2D cross entropy is adopted for image segmentation, and stable regions are detected with morphological processing. Sobel operator is adopted to compute the gradient magnitudes and orientations of SIFT feature points detected in stable regions. The gradient location orientation hologram (GLOH) is optimized for a more practical use in extraction of a new feature descriptor. The distance ratio and fast sample consensus (FSC) algorithm are introduced to obtain the best match result. Experimental results show that the proposed method can improve the efficiency of the algorithm while achieving high registration accuracy.

BDS/GPS Integrated Precise Point Positioning Algorithm Based on High-Degree DMCKF

ZHANG Zhao-long, WANG Yue-gang, TENG Hong-lei, ZHANG Fu-jian, LIU Hai-yang

2018, 46(3): 48-53. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2018.03.007

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To improve the accuracy and stability of the BDS/GPS combined positioning system, the high-degree cubature Kalman filter (CKF) is applied to the estimation of the positioning parameters, and the diagonalization of matrix (DM) transformation is used to replace the Cholesky decomposition in the standard high degree CKF. Through the DM transformation, the square root matrix of the covariance matrix has more accurate state statistics and retains the characteristics of the original feature space information, and improves the filtering accuracy. The covariance matrix of DM transformation does not require positive definite, so the stability of filtering is enhanced. The test results show that the filtering algorithm is effective and feasible for improving the positioning accuracy and stability.

Simulation of Terminal Guided Munition Seeker Target Acquisition Probabilities

LIU Zhen-ya, GAO Min

2018, 46(3): 54-59. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2018.03.008

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Considering the limitation of small range of strapdown laser guided munition, the target distance and angle acquisition probabilities of terminal guided munition were studied by computer simulation method. The seeker line of sight model was established by seeker imaging principle and coordinate transformation. The analytical method of target acquisition probabilities was proposed to get the best boot time, and conducted the experiment by Monte Carlo method. The results showed that the target acquisition of terminal guided munition was more than 99.87%, the variation range of line of sight was reduced with the increasing angle, and it was mostly affected by disturbance of angle.

Flight Stability Analysis of Projectile at Low Speed

Lu Tie-Gang, ZHANG Ya, LI Shi-Zhong

2018, 46(3): 60-65. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2018.03.009

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To solve the problems of high cost, slow development speed and complex test conditions of the guided projectile fuze, a simulation test projectile was designed based on the standard grenade, which is used to simulate the launching environment of the fuze. Since the speed of test projectile is low under the condition of not using the tail fin, the flying stability of the projectile within the muzzle distance from 200 meters to 300 meters needs to be considered. In flight, because the resistance direction is not consistent with the direction of the center of mass movement, the resultant force does not necessarily pass through the centroid, forcing the projectile to rotate in the air, so the rotation speed and aerodynamic shape design of the projectile body is the necessary condition for the projectile flight stability. The flight stability of the projectile within a certain distance is calculated, the stability simulation analysis is carried out with the numerical calculation results, and the numerical simulation calculation can provide effective reference for the projectile aerodynamic shape design.

OTH Target Indication Method of Third Party Guidance in Arctic Region

SUN Yong-kan, ZHANG Ping-ping

2018, 46(3): 66-72. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2018.03.010

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When the target is guided by multiple sensors, the traditional target azimuth is represented with the reference of the geographical north, while the geographical north converges in the north pole rapidly due to the convergence of the meridian in arctic region leading to the increase of the error of the target azimuth angle, which is unable to meet the demand information of target indication precision of combat command system of naval ship in arctic region. To overcome this problem, the establishment of horizontal geographic north as a reference is proposed, and on such basis, the geodetic theme solution model and the unscented Kalman filter model are constructed. The results of simulation analysis show that the method can improve the target (OTH) information accuracy as guided by the third party guidance in the high latitude region, it can satisfy the demand information of target indication precision of combat command system of the naval ship in Arctic region.

Modified Design of Digital Channelized Structure and Detection Method

Lu Wei-xiang, XU Peng, CAO Yuan-jiang

2018, 46(3): 73-79. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2018.03.011

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Considering that how to efficiently implement channelization and improve detection method's performance, a modified structure of dynamic channelization and a corresponding channel detection method are proposed. The input signal is decomposed into two channel signals whose spectra are complementary without aliasing by interpolating halfband filter, and then the two channel signals are filtered respectively with the analysis filter bank to realize channelization. The first detection's threshold is dynamically adjusted according to the channel environment, and the second detection uses the longer detection length. Simulation results verify the validity of the modified structure of dynamic channelization, and show that under the condition of ensuring real-time the performance of new algorithm is better than energy detection.

Research on Evaluation Method of Operational Action Plan Based on RIMER

YANG Xiao, ZHU Yu, WU Jian

2018, 46(3): 80-85. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2018.03.012

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In view of the incomplete evaluation of the underlying indicators and the operational action plan, based on evidence reasoning method, starting from the required capability of operational action, a belief rule base is built, and the multiple types of uncertainty data are converted into a unified belief structure. The results of the evaluation of the operational action plan are obtained by means of evidence reasoning.

New Method of Radar Signals Sorting Based on Improved Weighted SVC

YUAN Ze-heng, TIAN Run-lan, ZHANG Xu-zhou

2018, 46(3): 86-92. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2018.03.013

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At present, multi parameter radar signal clustering is widely used, however, when the radar signals are heavily overlapped, there is a problem of low accuracy. Based on support vector clustering and delaminating coupling sorting algorithm, the standardized radar signal data are weighted by the variable precision rough set; by analyzing the results of cluster sorting, the model of effective evaluation is established; and the optimal clustering sorting parameters are determined. The simulation results show that when the radar signal data is seriously overlapped, the accuracy of the proposed method is improved greatly compared with the original method, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Dual-Tree Complex Wavelet Transform Applications in Clutter Suppression

REN Yuan, CHENG Yuan, LIU Rong

2018, 46(3): 93-97. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2018.03.014

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Considering the target detection in clutter environment, a method using dual tree complex wavelet transform for received echo is presented. By spatial correlation thresholding after decomposing signal, the signal to suppress the sea clutter is reconstructed. A method using moving target detection to suppress the ground clutter is proposed. When the moving target detection (MTD) method is used, the sea clutter effects still exist. By using MTD method after dual tree complex wavelet transform, a good suppression effect can be got and small target in clutter can be detected. This method is applied to a radar signal processing system, and the simulation results show that this method can effectively reduce clutter.

Multi-Sensor and Multitarget Identity Recognition Based on Range Resolution

DONG Ai, XIA Mang, LI Zhi

2018, 46(3): 98-104. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2018.03.015

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A multi sensor and multitarget identity recognition method based on range resolution is presented for multitarget measuring data correlation.The range resolution of each sensor is analyzed. The multitarget identity recognition method based on time sequence is proved correct in theory. Simulation results show that echo wave sequence of each sensor is the same in typicality aircraft formation. The method is proved correct and with high project value.

Radar Detection Method for Low-Altitude Slow and Small Target Based on Radon Transform

ZHANG Hong-wei, XU Dao-ming, MA Jun-tao, RAN Hong-yuan

2018, 46(3): 105-111. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2018.03.016

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In recent years, due to the emergence of military and civilian applications of the outbreak of growth, the unmanned aerial vehicles and light helicopters as the representative of the low-altitude slow small target has been rapid developed. Because such targets have the characteristics of “low flying altitude, slow flight speed and small RCS”, the target echo is often submerged in the strong ground/sea clutter. The traditional detection technology based on the frequency domain filtering is difficult to detect, which brings new serious challenge for the air defense early warning radar. To solve the problem, the multi path interference, atmospheric attenuation, system loss and other factors, the construction of the target echo model are considered; based on the strong clutter suppression by Kalmus filter, the distance and slow time image of the multi-frame radar echo data under long term observation is simulated by the slow time domain. After combining with the Radon transform, the target detection is completed through the threshold setting of the transformed parameter field. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Research on the Distributed Aperture Coherence-Synthetic Radar System Design and Experiment

ZHOU Bao-liang, ZHOU Dong-ming, GAO Hong-wei, LU Yao-bing

2018, 46(3): 112-119. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2018.03.017

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By multi-radar coherence-synthetic detection, distributed aperture coherence-synthetic radar cleverly solves the contradictions between the radar great power detection and mobility, which has the advantage of strong survival ability, high cost-effectiveness ratio, high angular accuracy, strong expandability and easy realization, and so on; it can also be used in the air defense and anti missile, precision measurement and space target monitoring and other fields, suitable to the vehicle, shipborne, airborne, bombs and other platforms. The design of distributed aperture coherence synthetic radar system is more complex than traditional radar. The design consideration factors and design criteria from the radar number selecting, baseline length selecting, frequency selecting and other side for the distributed aperture coherence synthetic radar system are given. The distributed aperture coherence synthetic radar system topology is presented and the design of coherence synthetic target detection processing is proposed. Through the coherence synthetic detection experiments carried out on the aircraft and satellite targets by the radar prototype and radar equipment, the correctness of the distributed aperture coherence synthetic radar system design and the project feasibility are verified.

Performance Analysis of Passive Radar Using Digital Video Broadcasting-Satellite Signal

WANG Tian-yun, LIU Bing, LING Xiao-dong, LIU Yong, CHEN Wei-dong

2018, 46(3): 120-126. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2018.03.018

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The digital video broadcasting-satellite (DVB-S) signal over China is selected as the research object. The performance of passive radar is analyzed from the perspective of signal generation mode, spectral characteristics, delay dimension and Doppler dimension of self-fuzzy function, and system link budget. Theoretical analysis and experimental results demonstrate that the passive radar based on DVB-S signal has good target detection capability.

Electromagnetic Pulse Simulating Test Methods on System Level

FU Hai-jun, ZHANG Wei-gang, YUE Si-cheng, WU Bing

2018, 46(3): 127-132. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2018.03.019

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The design and production methods of two large electromagnetic pulse simulators at system level are explained. As bounded-wave electromagnetic pulse simulators, each of them is made up of a flat plate transmission line, a pulsed power source and a matched load. By taking several measurements, the bounded-wave electromagnetic pulse simulator generates a vertically polarized electric field with a rise time of 2.7 ns and a full width at half maximum of 25.6 ns. The working volume is 8.4 m×8.4 m×8.4 m and the maximum electric field amplitude is 50 kV/m. The second electromagnetic pulse simulator is a radiating wave electromagnetic pulse simulator, which is made up of an antenna and a pulsed power source. The radiating-wave electromagnetic pulse simulator generates a horizontally polarized electric field with a rise time of 10 ns and a full width at half maximum of 30 ns. The maximum electric field amplitude is 15 kV/m with the reference sensor at 20 m below the source.

Study on Error Statistical Method of Missile Weapon System Precision Data

SHAN Shi-zhuo, ZHANG Nan, LAN Hong-guang, ZHANG Yan

2018, 46(3): 133-138. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2018.03.020

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Radar measurement error is a main factor affecting the hand over precision during terminal guidance of the air defense missile weapon system, and the method to synthesize and evaluate the error is the key point in the weapon system research. Pointing at the common methods of error synthesis, the statistical results of each error synthesis method are analyzed, and the applicability of each error synthesis methods is studied. The radar flight calibration data are used for verification, which can be taken as the basis of the weapon system precision chain design.

Design and Implementation of UAV Fixed-Route Tracking Method

DING Jun-hui

2018, 46(3): 139-145. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2018.03.021

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A navigation and control method for tracing preset sequential airway points is proposed for the problem that the UAV is controlled to fly with the specified sequential line path. The minimum turning radius is determined based on the maximum available normal overload. The forward searching distance is calculated. The UAV velocity deviation angle and deviation angle of course line are calculated and input into the subsequent PID flight control system. The UAV can fly with preset path stably. Numerical simulation results show that the mothed can control UAV effectively to fly with clockwise or anti clockwise paths.

Method of Trajectory Prediction for Unpowered Gliding Hypersonic Vehicle

HAN Chun-yao, XIONG Jia-jun, ZHANG Kai

2018, 46(3): 146-151. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2018.03.022

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Aiming at trajectory prediction of unpowered gliding hypersonic vehicle and its application requirements, a trajectory prediction algorithm is proposed based on kinetic model. The difficulties of unpowered gliding hypersonic vehicle defense and the function of trajectory prediction are expounded providing a basis for trajectory prediction. The simplified kinetic model is acquired on the basis of force analysis and reasonable shortcutting. The analytical trajectory equations are derived from kinetic model. The framework of trajectory prediction algorithm and the evaluation index are designed. To test and verify the efficiency of the trajectory prediction algorithm, simulation experiments are performed, and the main reasons causing prediction error are analyzed.

Locating Method and Accuracy Analysis of Time Difference and Direction- Finding Based on Missile-Borne Combined with Ground Station

XU Jing, LIU Hai-jun, LI Lin

2018, 46(3): 152-158. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2018.03.023

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Aiming at the need of air defense interception, the location principle of the least square method between the missile and the ground static station is analyzed based on the basic theory of the time difference and direction finding method. By comparing multiple location methods of missile and ground station co-location, a kind of technology is proposed to improve the tracking accuracy of the interference sources. A set of simulations are implemented to compare the accuracies of different location algorithms.

Bistatic MIMO Radar Waveform Design for SINR Maximization

WU Lei, LI Xiao-bo, ZHOU Qing-song, LI Lei

2018, 46(3): 159-164. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2018.03.024

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To improve the detection capability of the bistatic multiple input multiple output (MIMO) radar and reduce the difficulty of receiving the echo signal processing, an algorithm for bistatic MIMO radar waveform design in presence of signal-dependent interference is proposed, which is based on maximizing signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR). The waveform design problem is transformed into the problem of transmitting weighting matrix design basing basic beam, then the problem can be solved by generalized Rayleigh quotient, semi-definite relaxation technique and Charnes-Cooper transform, and the Gaussian randomization method is adopted to get the optimal transmitting weighting matrix vector. The optimal transmitting weighting matrix is obtained by the matrixing operation. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is verified by the simulation results.

Modeling of ADAMS 3D Random Road with Matlab

HUANG Zhi-qiang, ZHENG Wang-hui

2018, 46(3): 165-170. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2018.03.025

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The 2D random road surface spectrum based on the sinusoid superposition method is built, the modified sinusoid superposition method is used to extend 2D road to 3D for providing the modeling process of 3D random road surface spectrum. The forming rule of 3D random road file in automatic dynamic analysis of mechanical system(ADAMS) is expatiated; the altitude matrix in road file is calculated by Matlab programming and the 3D random road file is generated. Simulation results show its availability in simulation research.

Launch Window of Space Fly-by Under Influence of Initial Phase Angle

LI Ren-jie, CHEN Yang, XIANG Kai-heng

2018, 46(3): 171-176. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2018.03.026

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To study the calculation method of launch window in space fly-by problem, and the influence of different initial phase angles on it, a method is proposed. The general variable law to solve the Lambert problem is studied. On this basis, the process and timing sequence of space fly-by are analyzed. A method to calculate the launch window satisfying the constraints of fuel consumption and fly-by time is proposed with the influence of different initial phase angles. The length and region of launch window can be obtained through the method. Simulation results indicate that the method is effective and can provide valuable references for the orbital planning and design of space fly-by missions.

Design and Optimization of the Method of Launching the Small Satellite by Missile Under Emergency

MA Te, LIU Gang, HE Bing

2018, 46(3): 177-183. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2018.03.027

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Aiming at the complex technology, long development cycle and high cost of large satellites, under the background for satellite emergency launch and rapid networking, the way of reconstruction of missiles and installing a small satellite to achieve the small satellite's mobile launch into orbit is presented. On the basis of missile dynamics model, the maneuvering optimization model for missile carried satellite is established; a small satellite launch program is designed. The genetic algorithm is used to solve the missile launch model. Simulation results show that a small satellite's mobile launch can be achieved by the modification of the missile.

Radar Intelligence Distribution on Demand Based on ReliefF Content Similarity

GU Qin-yi, YANG Rui-juan, HUANG Mei-rong, YANG Yun-fei, YE Wei, LI Yue

2018, 46(3): 184-190. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2018.03.028

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Radar intelligence distribution on demand based on content similarity forms user information recommendation by computing the similarity. But the traditional similarity algorithms assume that all characteristics have the same importance, which conflicts with known facts. To this end, a content similarity calculation method based on feature weighting is proposed. The method considers the different influence on the results by various dimensional characteristics, uses ReliefF algorithm to give the feature weights, selects features according to the characteristics of the importance, and forms the nearest neighbor area based on weighted content similarity through calculating the content of the similarity. On this basis, the recommendation of new information to the user is predicted, the radar intelligence distribution on demand according to the degree of interest is realized. The simulation results show that the algorithm has better performance and better prediction effect than the traditional content similarity recommendation method.

Maneuvering Targets Detection Algorithm Based on MDCFT in Space-Air Based Bistatic Radar

WANG Wan-tian, YUAN Jun-quan, WANG Li-bao, CHEN A-lei

2018, 46(3): 191-198. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2018.03.029

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Considering the two issues of range migration and Doppler spectrum extension in the detection of high maneuvering targets in space-air based bistatic radar (SABBR), and on the basis of the establishment of the echo signal model and the analyses of the signal migration feature, a novel target detection algorithm suitable for SABBEWR is proposed. The Keystone transform is used to compensate the range migration in range frequency slow time domain, and the discrete chirp-Fourier transform (DCFT) is modified to estimate the target's acceleration and frequency divisor. A quadratic phase compensation function is constructed to make up for the Doppler migration. The coherent integration is performed for target detection. Simulation results show that the radial acceleration is estimated precisely, the energy of the high maneuvering target is accumulated effectivelly, and the performance detection is improved in low signal to noise ratio background.

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