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Non-Fragile Prescribed Performance Control of Waverider Vehicle Xiang-wei BU, Bao-xu JIANG Modern Defense Technology    2022, 50 (4): 1-9.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2022.04.001 Abstract （15185）   HTML （11030）    PDF （1323KB）（1988）       Knowledge map    Save A new non-fragile prescribed performance control （PPC） protocol without any online learning parameter is proposed for the waverider vehicle （WV） to address the problems of existing PPC methods with a large amount of online learning and obvious fragility defects. By designing a new type of performance functions with re-adjusting function， the low-complexity-based control laws are developed for the velocity subsystem and the altitude subsystem of WV， and the problem of “explosion of terms” inherent to back-stepping is avoided. The stability of closed-loop system and the guarantee of prescribed performance are proved based on Lyapunov synthesis. Compared with the existing PPC， the improvement of the proposed method is that the constructed prescribed envelope is capable of actively adjusting its shape according to the error fluctuation caused by sudden disturbances， which avoids the possible control singular problem and makes up for the fragility defect of the existing PPC. The effectiveness and advantage of the addressed method are verified via compared numerical simulation. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Reliability Evaluation Method of Radar Equipment Based on Improved AHP-Entropy Weight Method Yun ZHAI, Bing HU, Duan-yang SHI Modern Defense Technology    2022, 50 (4): 148-155.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2022.04.017 Abstract （14557）   HTML （192）    PDF （764KB）（1208）       Knowledge map    Save In order to improve the scientific nature of index weighting in radar equipment reliability evaluation， in view of the problem of subjective weighting method relies too much on individual experience， and objective weighting method collects less data， resulting in inaccurate objective weighting results， the improved analytic hierarchy process （AHP） and entropy weight method are used to assign the indexes to the subjective and objective weights respectively. The least square method is used to couple the subjective and objective weights， and the Lagrange method is used to solve the model， which effectively avoids the limitation of single weight. The feasibility of the method is verified by an example. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Top-Level Conception of Hypersonic Vehicle Defense System Construction Si-tong LIU, Zhan-yue ZHANG, Da LIU, Yi-qiao XU Modern Defense Technology    2022, 50 (4): 10-16.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2022.04.002 Abstract （12714）   HTML （703）    PDF （2356KB）（1740）       Knowledge map    Save At present， in the construction of hypersonic defense system， the United States has a strong lead and Russia has made steady progress. Facing hypersonic threats and focusing on the needs of future hypersonic defense operations， the top-level construction of hypersonic vehicle defense system is proposed. It should be accelerated from four aspects， including designing the top-level reasonable structure， developing integrated collaborative equipment， exploring joint countermeasure strategy and carrying out system evaluation research， to explore the development path of improving hypersonic defense combat capability and maintaining national strategic security. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Electromagnetic Shielding Shelter Technology Hai-wei GUO, Yuan LI, Sheng-hui MAO Modern Defense Technology    2022, 50 (4): 17-27.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2022.04.003 Abstract （11922）   HTML （470）    PDF （830KB）（1815）       Knowledge map    Save This paper briefly describes the principle of electromagnetic shielding， analyzes the current main shelter electromagnetic shielding technology， introduces the progress of shielding shelter structure design and material research， focuses on the research status and related electromagnetic shielding properties of electromagnetic shielding materials for shelter， and looks forward to the future development trend and application of electromagnetic shielding shelter technology. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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An Approach of Optical Satellites Tracking an Extraatmospheric Vehicle Based on UKF Yu-yan TANG, Yong JIANG Modern Defense Technology    2022, 50 (5): 1-7.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2022.05.001 Abstract （11510）   HTML （10299）    PDF （1325KB）（1001）       Knowledge map    Save With the rapid growth of the technologies of vehicles and tracking， this paper proposes an approach of optical satellites tracking an extraatmospheric vehicle based on unscented Kalman filter （UKF） under the background of satellite constellation tracking vehicles. It solves the problem of optical satellites tracking an extraatmospheric vehicle accurately and velocity estimation error converging rapidly within 30 s in the case of reasonable observation distance. The validity of this algorithm and relative superiority to EKF are verified by simulation. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development and Implications of Intelligent Unmanned Combat Aerial Equipment by the US Army Kang-sheng DONG, Wei-bo HU, Yan-ming SHEN, Shang-qin TANG Modern Defense Technology    2022, 50 (4): 28-37.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2022.04.004 Abstract （10479）   HTML （525）    PDF （2237KB）（2590）       Knowledge map    Save U.S. military unmanned aerial vehicles （UAVs） play an important role in military operations. There is an increasing trend for the total number of the UAVs and their intelligent level. To seize the high ground in the domain of the unmanned intelligent warfare， the US army are carrying out a series of new research projects. This paper analyzes the operational characteristics as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the U.S. military's in-service UAV equipment. According to the latest development of the intelligent technology in software and hardware， the projects of Carrier-Based Aerial-Refueling System， Loyal Wingman， Golden Horde， Project Maven， Advanced Battle Management System are analyzed in detail. The new characteristics and pattern of these intelligent military equipment are presented. The implications and suggestions for tackling the development of unmanned intelligent equipment are proposed in terms of the air combat theory， capabilities and techniques， as well as the equipment system. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Midcourse Guidance for Intercepting HTV2 Based on Trajectory Tracking and Prediction Xue-qi SUN, Rui ZHANG Modern Defense Technology    2022, 50 (4): 62-72.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2022.04.008 Abstract （10331）   HTML （257）    PDF （2085KB）（715）       Knowledge map    Save Aiming at HTV2 （hypersonic technology vehicle 2） targets with high speed and high maneuverability， the midcourse guidance of interceptor missile using hit-to-kill intercept strategy is studied， and a midcourse guidance algorithm based on trajectory tracking and prediction is presented. An adaptive grid interactive multi-mode （AGIMM） filter is used to track the target trajectory stably. The least square method based on forgetting factor is used to predict the trajectory of the target， and the motion state at the predicted handover point is obtained. The target state variables at the predicted handover point are used as midcourse guidance constraint， and the optimal midcourse guidance law is calculated by Gaussian pseudo-spectral method. The interception simulation of HTV2 target is carried out using the proposed midcourse guidance algorithm， and the simulation results prove the effectiveness of the algorithm. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Kill Chain and Kill Net Inside the US Ballistic Missile Defense System Yuyan TANG, Fangfang LI, Zhenyu ZHANG, Lei LI, Zhi LI Modern Defense Technology    2023, 51 (1): 1-10.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2023.01.001 Abstract （10074）   HTML （9265）    PDF （6860KB）（2115）       Knowledge map    Save According to the development of US Ballistic Missile Defense System （BMDS） and the operational concept of kill chain and kill net， the concept and their closure of the information chain， time chain， energy chain， recognition chain， precision chain within the kill chain of US BMDS are analysed with the typical example of U.S. ground-based midcaurse defense system against the North Korea’s intercontinental ballistic missile attacking American mainland. The kill net and its comprehensive defense capability of ballistic missile defense for American mainland and overseas theater are analysed with the typical examples. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development Status of End Defense Missile and Design Analysis of the Missile Family Architecture Chao-qi LIU, Li-hua WEN Modern Defense Technology    2022, 50 (4): 45-51.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2022.04.006 Abstract （10026）   HTML （366）    PDF （569KB）（2066）       Knowledge map    Save In response to the missile family development needs of terminal air defense missiles in systematic air defense operations， the development status and characteristics of terminal defense abroad are analyzed， and the requirements of the new generation of terminal air defense missiles is studied. According to the development characteristics and requirements of terminal air defense missile， the overall technical requirements of the terminal defense missile family are analyzed， and the architecture design method is proposed. The overall parameters of basic type terminal air defense missile， integral short range air defense missile and boost short-range air defense missile are designed and analyzed， and the boost missile family architecture shows the better overall parameters. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Requirement Analysis of Army Intelligent Equipment Support Capacity Based on GQFD Xiang-zheng JIANG, Tie-lin LIU, Shuai-bo CUI, Kai LI Modern Defense Technology    2022, 50 (4): 38-44.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2022.04.005 Abstract （9421）   HTML （392）    PDF （893KB）（821）       Knowledge map    Save For the current army equipment support capability demand analysis method cannot meet the needs of intelligent development with the problems of strong subjectivity and low reliability， the quality function deployment method based on grey correlation analysis is adopted. On the basis of "capacity" analysis， a demand quality house model based on grey relational analysis is established， and the importance order of the demand indicators of intelligent equipment support capability is obtained， which provides a theoretical basis for the construction and application of intelligent equipment support capabilities. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Study on Adaptive Detonation Strategy for Anti-Air Missile Attacking Warships Jia-wei ZHANG, Chuang WANG, Shao-bo LIU Modern Defense Technology    2022, 50 (4): 52-61.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2022.04.007 Abstract （9226）   HTML （310）    PDF （2715KB）（905）       Knowledge map    Save In order to achieve effective destruction of key parts of the warship， such as bridge and vertical launcher， an adaptive detonation strategy for anti-air missile attacking warships is proposed. Taking the Arleigh Burke class destroyer as a typical target， based on the characteristics of the anti-air missile attacking warships， an adaptive detonation control model consisting of trigger initiation， distance initiation and delayed limited initiation is established by making full use of the information on the missile. The damage criterion of anti-air missile attacking warships is established， and the initiation conditions and damage effect， under different rendezvous condition are studied through simulation calculation， and the effectiveness of adaptive detonation strategy is verified， which provides technical support for expanding the anti-ship combat capability of anti-air missile and improving the efficiency of weapons. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Equipment Support Capability Evaluation Method of Synthetic Brigade Based on Extension Cloud Yaolong ZHANG, Yongjun RUAN, Luhao ZHAO, Yisong HUANG, Yurong GUO Modern Defense Technology    2023, 51 (1): 86-95.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2023.01.011 Abstract （9057）   HTML （294）    PDF （1568KB）（649）       Knowledge map    Save For the actual evaluation of the synthetic brigade equipment support capability， considering the fuzziness and randomness of the standard interval of index grade in the evaluation， a synthetic brigade equipment support capability evaluation model based on extension cloud is proposed. The evaluation index system of synthetic brigade equipment support capability is constructed through the systematic analysis of synthetic brigade equipment support task. The weight of each evaluation index is determined by the comprehensive weighting method combining AHP and Entropy method. Considering the advantages of qualitative and quantitative analysis of matter-element model and the characteristics of uncertainty reasoning of cloud assessment model， the extension cloud model of synthetic brigade equipment support capability assessment is constructed， and the confidence information of assessment results is given， the extended cloud model of synthetic brigade equipment support capability evaluation is constructed， and the confidence information of evaluation results is given. The method is proved to be scientific and effective by an example. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of Early Warning Detection Characteristics Between Hypersonic Cruise Missile and Cruise Missile Jian-cheng ZHENG, Xian-si TAN, Zhi-guo QU, Wen-lin HE, Zhi-huai LI Modern Defense Technology    2022, 50 (4): 116-123.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2022.04.013 Abstract （8903）   HTML （238）    PDF （793KB）（1402）       Knowledge map    Save In order to clarify a defensive party’s understanding of the threat of incoming hypersonic cruise missiles（HCMs） in near space and improve the existing missile defense strategy， the characteristics between HCM and cruise missile are compared and analyzed from the perspective of early warning system. By establishing target motion model， infrared detection model and radar detection model with moderate particle size， the influence of the cruising altitude and flying speed of the two kinds of targets on the ground-based early warning system and the infrared detectability are analyzed in detail and quantitatively. The results of comparative analysis show that the detection range of HCMs provided by the infrared detector is longer due to its stronger infrared radiation intensity. Although HCMs are faster than cruise missiles， the early warning time provided by the ground-based radar of HCMs with the same downrange is longer because of its higher altitude. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Adaptive Frequency Selection Diversity in Multiple Antennas System Bin-song SHEN Modern Defense Technology    2022, 50 (4): 101-106.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2022.04.011 Abstract （8559）   HTML （218）    PDF （1309KB）（770）       Knowledge map    Save In order to improve the performance of multi-antenna troposcatter communication system， a multi-antenna adaptive frequency selection diversity method is proposed. By comparing and analyzing the receiving SNR distribution characteristics of different adaptive frequency selection diversity methods under multi-antenna system， the diversity method can obtain the best diversity performance and can be applied to multi-antenna troposcatter communication system. Simulation results show that the performance of the multi-antenna adaptive frequency selection diversity method is better than the existing diversity method and can effectively improve the performance of troposcatter communication system. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Simulation of Launch Safety Zone of Shipborne Missile Under High Sea Conditions Xin-peng CHI, Wang-hui ZHENG Modern Defense Technology    2022, 50 (4): 73-83.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2022.04.009 Abstract （8441）   HTML （230）    PDF （1185KB）（717）       Knowledge map    Save The ship borne missile is affected by the ship attitude and velocity during launch， which changes its attitude， position and velocity. Under the background of high sea conditions， in order to avoid the mutual interference between two missiles launched at intervals， the safety area of initial trajectory after launch is studied. According to the motion characteristics of vertical launch missile in the initial flight phase， the ballistic launch safety area model is established； the ballistic safety zone of two missiles at different launch times is defined. The model solves the problem of defining the launch safety area of high sea situation missile， and has practical engineering application value. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Cross Domain Distributed Defense Operations and Key Technologies Wenjie ZHANG, Feng GUO, Qian GAO, Shikai WANG, Qi LI, Shaokang ZHONG Modern Defense Technology    2023, 51 (1): 11-16.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2023.01.002 Abstract （7621）   HTML （694）    PDF （741KB）（1986）       Knowledge map    Save With the rapid development of information equipment， the combat style is also changing and improving， and the cross domain distributed operation through air ground coordination will become inevitable. The air combat platform has the advantages of good mobility， broad vision and strong situational awareness， while the ground defense equipment has the advantages of concealed deployment， wide firepower coverage and strong anti-interference ability. Adopting the distributed coordination mode of air and ground can give full play to their respective advantages， improve the utilization rate of equipment of all services and arms， and achieve greater operational efficiency. In the future， air ground cooperative operations will be characterized by “three-dimensional unity， air to ground coordination， and multiple divisions in one region”。The necessity of cross domain distributed operation through air ground coordination is put forward in this paper for future battlefield characteristics. The characteristics of cross domain distributed defense are given. The shortcomings of the current defense operation architecture are analyzed， and the specific measures of air ground cooperative cross domain distributed defense are analyzed. The key technologies of cross domain distributed defense are summarized and the development suggestions are given. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Time Unity Technology for Live Combat Training Mengqing HOU, Siliang HUA, Jiuzhou ZHOU, Jia HAO Modern Defense Technology    2023, 51 (1): 17-25.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2023.01.003 Abstract （7294）   HTML （500）    PDF （1838KB）（837）       Knowledge map    Save Live combat training simulates the process of weapon attack and damage based on real military installation. Its essence is multi-platform distributed real-time simulation， and time unity is the primary basis. Based on time unified demand of real combat training， fully considering the training process， information transmission and time basis of platforms， this paper develops time unified technical research. The time unity design is mainly designed from two levels of participation platform time synchronization and training information time alignment， and time consistency verification is carried out periodically to enhance the system robustness and consolidate the foundation of time unity. In this way， the time of whole process and cross-domain multi-platform distributed real combat training can be unified. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on IAMD Battle Command System（IBCS）of the US Sen LI, Hai-lin TIAN, Gang WANG, Da-xi LI, Jing WU Modern Defense Technology    2022, 50 (4): 84-100.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2022.04.010 Abstract （6996）   HTML （305）    PDF （6583KB）（2744）       Knowledge map    Save Integrated air and missile defense battle command system（IBCS）is not only the core system to support the force transformation and operation-concept development of U.S. Air Defense Artillery（ADA）， but also an important platform for deep integration of multi-domain and multi-type air & missile defense combat elements. The base-line version of IBCS began to deliver ADA in 2022. Based on the previous general research， the system component， equipment function， association relationship and troop configuration of IBCS are analyzed. It is pointed out that the new disposition capability of engagement operations center（EOC）is "one-type equipment， multi-level command hierarchy adaptation； one set of software， multi-role and function configuration". Based on the type configuration analysis of EOC， the operational mode and characteristics of IBCS are discussed. The inspiration and suggestion are put forward based on the above research. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Overview of Hypersonic Weapon Development and Defense System Research in Near Space Hong-yu LI, Tong YIN, Xiao-biao DUN Modern Defense Technology    2022, 50 (6): 1-10.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2022.06.001 Abstract （6917）   HTML （8536）    PDF （921KB）（2358）       Knowledge map    Save For the first time， Russia used the "Dagger" hypersonic weapon to destroy a large underground warehouse in Ukraine in combat， causing the world to pay more attention to hypersonic weapons and a growing sense of urgency. Hypersonic weapons have the advantages of fast flight speed， strong maneuver ability and difficult flight trajectory prediction， which makes the traditional missile defense system "paralyzed overnight". As countries around the world accelerate the weaponization of hypersonic technology， the hypersonic weapon defense system is also being built simultaneously. Aiming at the defense problem of foreign hypersonic weapons， the development status of foreign hypersonic weapons and the construction of hypersonic weapons defense system in the United States and Russia are analyzed in depth， and the development direction of foreign hypersonic weapons defense system construction is sorted out. The research results can promote the development of advanced defense technology. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Combat Effectiveness Evaluation Method Based on Improved ADC Model of Electro-Optic Countermeasure System Zhenzhi SONG, Daowen HAN, Junchen BAO, Chaoyan HUANG Modern Defense Technology    2023, 51 (1): 26-34.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2023.01.004 Abstract （6915）   HTML （483）    PDF （757KB）（976）       Knowledge map    Save In order to make the operational effectiveness evaluation of the electro-optic countermeasure system closer to the actual battle， according to the characteristics of the electro-optic countermeasure system， the impact of tactical application and personnel operation on the combat effectiveness is considered on the traditional ADC model， and an improved ADC model is proposed， and the model is verified by example to be closer to the actual combat situation than the traditional ADC model. The improved model can provide a scientific basis for the evaluation of the combat effectiveness of the electro-optic countermeasure system. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics