Modern Defense Technology

Evaluation of Contribution Rate of Terminal Defense Equipment Architecture Based on SEM

Xianliang MENG, Bo ZHANG, Mingliang ZHANG, Jin WANG, Le MENG, Ming XUE

2024, 52(5): 1-8. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2024.05.001

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Aiming at the problems such as unclear concept of equipment architecture contribution rate evaluation and few researches on evaluation methods， this paper further expounds the connotation and application scenarios of the contribution rate of equipment architecture based on structure， and constructs the evaluation method of equipment architecture contribution rate by using structural equation model. Taking the terminal defense equipment system as an example， it analyzes the specific operation process and method of structure contribution rate evaluation. The ability order of the combination scheme of different strike and intercept equipment is obtained， which can provide reference for equipment allocation and operational application.

Research on Evaluation Method of Anti-UAV Schemes

Jiangfeng YUE, Jinghua XIE

2024, 52(5): 9-16. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2024.05.002

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There are abundant means and complex equipments involved in the anti-UAV operation， and many factors need to be considered， which makes the comprehensive evaluation and optimization of the combat schemes more difficult. Based on the analytic hierarchy process （AHP）， the comprehensive evaluation of combat schemes is carried out on the basis of constructing a three-tier index system including the objective layer， criterion layer and index layer， combining with experts' investigation and scoring， constructing a judgment matrix， comprehensively evaluating the weight vector of indicators at all levels， and then calculating the influence weight of each base indicator relative to the top objective. Overall evaluation results of different combat schemes can be obtained according to the simulation results of anti-UAV swarm combat， their corresponding index weights and comparability. The problem of deriving overall evaluation conclusions of combat schemes from relatively measurable indicators can be solved. At the same time， factors that have a greater influence on improving combat effectiveness can be discovered more easily. And to find a more realistic and feasible way to optimize the operational plan efficiently.

Combat Efficiency Evaluation of Army Synthetic Operation Unit Based on DEA-Malmquist Index Model

Jisong FAN, Yuyao TONG, Jun GAO, Chengxiang TIAN

2024, 52(5): 17-24. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2024.05.003

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Army composite operational unit is the smallest tactical unit for systematic combat operations. The assessment and analysis of its combat efficiency are urgent issues to be addressed in military studies. This article focuses on the application of data envelopment analysis （DEA） and Malmquist Productivity Index in the evaluation of combat unit's combat efficiency. It constructs the DEA-Malmquist evaluation model for combat units and utilizes the dynamic and concise advantages of the Malmquist index to evaluate the efficiency and dynamic changes of different combat units in multiple combat stages based on input-output data. The analysis， evaluation process， methods， and conclusions of this study can provide valuable references and insights for the construction and utilization of composite operational units and the military application of Malmquist productivity index.

Digital Research and Development Methods for Electronic Information Equipment

Jiutao WU, Zhiqian WU, Chao YANG

2024, 52(5): 25-30. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2024.05.004

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This manuscript analyzes the military demand for equipment digitization from external challenges， internal requirements， and technological trends. It provides an in-depth explanation of the concept， essence advantages， and enabling mechanisms of equipment digitization， and proposes general methods for its construction. Focusing on electronic information equipment， it examines its digital characteristics， challenges， and current status. Addressing the difficulties and gaps in the digitization of electronic information equipment， it combines the experience of digitization construction in our unit to summarize a generalized implementation approach， providing reference and guidance for digital construction within the industry.

Research on the Development and Performance Analysis of the KEI Missile in the United States

Xu ZHANG, Peng ZENG, Mingying WEI, Xu LI, Jianheng XUE, Chao WANG

2024, 52(5): 31-39. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2024.05.005

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Kinetic energy interceptor （KEI） is mainly used to intercept medium-range and intercontinental ballistic missiles flying in the boost phase， ascent phase and midcourse， with the characteristics of high speed and high acceleration. Based on the research and analysis of literature and modeling simulation， this paper conducts reverse design and research on KEI missile's overall parameters， aerodynamic parameters and dynamic parameters， and simulates KEI missile's flight performance and interception performance. The results show that KEI missile can accelerate to 6 km/s in about 60 s. It also has the ability to intercept ballistic missiles in the boost phase/ascent phase for typical targets， and has reference significance for the development and research of domestic interceptor weapons.

Research on Integral Sliding Mode Active Disturbance Rejection Control for Hypersonic Vehicles

Weiqiang TANG, Chengchao JIA, Wenke SHI, Tianpeng XU

2024, 52(5): 40-50. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2024.05.006

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Aiming at the uncertainty problem of hypersonic vehicles， a tracking strategy combining active disturbance rejection control and integral sliding mode control is proposed. The hypersonic vehicle model is transformed into a velocity subsystem and an altitude subsystem， where the velocity subsystem is a first-order system， and the altitude subsystem consists of the altitude loop， track angle loop， and pitch angle loop. Tracking differentiator is used to arrange the transition process of the system， and extended state observer is used to estimate the total disturbance. The integral sliding mode control law is designed to replace the nonlinear state error feedback control law. The results show that the designed tracking control strategy has strong robustness to hypersonic vehicle uncertainty. Compared with the traditional sliding mode active disturbance rejection control， it has more advantages in adjustment time， tracking accuracy and control signal smoothness.

Simulation Method of Target Track Based on Embedded Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

Yanyan MA, Qiang LIN, Chuang NIU, Haida YANG

2024, 52(5): 51-60. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2024.05.007

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A target track simulation method based on embedded PSO is proposed to address the fidelity and universal applicability issues of radar-moving target track simulation. Firstly， the principle of simulation moving target track by UAV is analyzed， the motion model and coupling relationship between the UAV and the simulated target is discussed and the control quantity and control equation are determined. Then， based on constraint conditions of target motion track simulation， the objective optimization fitness function is proposed by UAV performance and energy consumption， and the optimal control model of target track simulation is established. Finally， in order to improve the accuracy and practicality of the model solution， the particle swarm optimization algorithm is improved and embedded in the model solution， achieving effective simulation of different motion tracks of the target. The simulation results indicate that this method can have wide applicability for simulating the track of moving targets.

Research on Knowledge Graph Construction Method of Early Warning Equipment Based on Deep Learning

Liping YANG, Qiqing FANG, Yahui HU, Chenggang GU, Huimin WANG

2024, 52(5): 61-72. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2024.05.008

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To fully explore the intrinsic correlation value of massive data， comprehensively and accurately construct the knowledge graph in the field of early warning equipment， a knowledge graph construction method of early warning equipment based on deep learning is proposed. The proposed method takes typical unstructured text data as the research object， constructs the knowledge graph ontology and professional dictionary in the field of early warning equipment， and obtains the early warning equipment knowledge dataset containing 6 468 entity samples and 11 216 relationship samples by driving word segmentation. The entity recognition and relationship extraction are performed based on the knowledge extraction method of multiple deep learning models. The experimental results show that the proposed method has excellent performance in the field of early warning equipment， with the F₁ value of the entity recognition model reaching 91.54% and the F₁ value of the relationship extraction model reaching 91.05%. The extracted entity relationship triples are stored in the Neo4j graph database， and the early warning equipment field knowledge graph composed of 14 entities and 22 relationships is further constructed and visualized.

Propagation Delay Measurement System of TDOA Target Simulation Signal Through Photon Link

Qiang LÜ, Jingguo WANG, Hui ZHONG, Yuechuan LIANG

2024, 52(5): 73-79. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2024.05.009

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In the TDOA target generation system， microwave photon links are used to transmit multi-channel and multi-band target simulation signals containing accurate TDOA information. To ensure the accuracy of TDOA information is enough， it is necessary to accurately measure the propagation delay of the target simulation signal through the photon link. A novel method for measuring the propagation delay of photon link is proposed in this paper， which uses a dedicated delay measurement chip based on the gate delay counting principle to achieve high-resolution and high-precision measurement. By occupying the same optical transmission channel of a single fiber through time sharing between the delay measurement signal and the target simulation signal， the measurement of the propagation delay and the transmission of the target simulation signal are achieved for a photon link， it meets the hardware requirements for accurately measuring the propagation delay of photon link mechanically. The experimental results show that this method can accurately measure the propagation delay of the TDOA target simulation signal through the photon link， with an error of less than 1ns， which is one order of magnitude higher than the TDOA measurement accuracy of the sensor， meets the measurement accuracy requirement of the system.

Research Progress of Multi-spectrum Jammers

Zhichao GUAN, Xinbao GAO, Tianpeng LI

2024, 52(5): 80-92. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2024.05.010

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In view of the fact that some active precision-guided munitions in the world mainly use anti-photoelectric infrared jamming agents for effective countermeasures， the jamming principle and research progress of the main components of materials used for multi-spectrum jamming agents， such as copper powder， metal chaff， expanded graphite， graphene and carbon fiber， are introduced. On this basis， the research progress of three realization methods of multi-spectrum jamming agents is reviewed. The limitations of current research on combination charging technology， composite dispensing technology and material modification technology are analyzed. Focusing on the strong structural design characteristics of new materials， the research and development can effectively overcome the inherent contradictions and shortcomings of existing multi-spectrum realization technology， and the development prospect of multi-spectrum jamming agents is prospected.

Application of Event Camera in Space Traffic Management

Xiaoli ZHOU, Chao BEI

2024, 52(5): 93-105. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2024.05.011

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With the increasing number of space objects， space environment is becoming more complex， variable and uncertain， which puts forward new requirements for the comprehensiveness， responsiveness and depth of space traffic management system. Event cameras have advantages of high temporal resolution， high dynamic range， low data redundancy， low delay， etc.， which can improve the quality and speed of spatial information acquisition and information processing， and provide a new solution to the above requirements. This paper first summarizes the severe situation of current space environment， the functions， objectives and problems of space traffic management. Then， the basic principle of event cameras is introduced， and application advantages， situation and challenges of event cameras in space traffic management are analyzed， and the future research content is prospected.

State Transition Tensors-Based Short-Term Error Propagation and Collision Probability Calculation for LEO Targets

Peng LI, Hua CHAI, Xianzong BAI

2024, 52(5): 106-115. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2024.05.012

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The number of space targets in the LEO region is increasing， and the spacecraft orbital maneuvers are getting stronger and stronger. Combined with the demand for computational efficiency and accuracy of fast collision warning for LEO maneuvering targets， this paper proposes a short-term state error propagation method based on the state transfer tensor under the assumption of J2 model. The method introduces the second-order state transfer tensor to describe the nonlinear characteristics of error propagation from the perspective of spacecraft relative motion， gives the approximate analytical expression of error propagation， and completes the collision probability calculation on this basis. The simulation results show that the method proposed in the paper has good computational efficiency and accuracy for the short-term error propagation and collision probability calculation of LEO targets.

Evaluation of Contingent-Level Battlefield Repair Capability Based on Cloud Model

Yonghua ZENG, Haiyan WANG, Tingting WU, Xiaolong WANG, Baicun JIANG, Hengyuan LIANG

2024, 52(5): 116-126. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2024.05.013

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Battlefield damage assessment and repair （BDAR） is a “multiplier” of combat effectiveness in wartime. Aiming at the need of evaluation of battlefield repair capability and task completion effect of repair detachment under battlefield conditions， a cloud-based evaluation model of contingent-level battlefield repair capability is proposed. By analyzing the influencing factors of BDAR capability， the evaluation index system of detachment-level battlefield emergency repair capability is constructed， and the index weight is determined by combination weighting method. Combined with the cloud theory， the BDAR capability of the evaluation group and the emergency repair group under the simulation condition is comprehensively evaluated. In the simulation condition， the equipment emergency repair and rescue operations of five participating teams were evaluated to verify the scientific and feasibility of the method.

Evaluation of Missile Equipment Maintenance Support Effectiveness Based on Gray-Improved Two-tuple Linguistic Information

Baogang LI, Shuang CUI, Depeng DONG

2024, 52(5): 127-137. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2024.05.014

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Aiming at the current situation that the missile equipment maintenance support effectiveness system is complex and huge，the indexes are interrelated，the data information is difficult to obtain and easy to lose and distort，a method based on grey-improved two-tuple linguistic is proposed to evaluate the maintenance support effectiveness.The method uses the improved G1 method and the improved criteria importance though intercrieria correlation（CRITIC） method to obtain the subjective and objective weights respectively，and obtains the comprehensive weight according to the minimum information identification method.The grey clustering analysis method is used to transform the quantitative data into the binary semantic form，and the improved binary semantic is used to transform the qualitative language evaluation information and evaluate the complete system.The weight of each index obtained by is more scientific and reasonable，avoiding the loss and distortion of information，and the evaluation results are more accurate.The evaluation results of the model are basically consistent with the actual situation.It can truly and scientifically reflect the effectiveness level of missile equipment maintenance support and can find out the weak links in a targeted manner，which can provide a basis for the management and improvement of missile equipment maintenance support system.

Research on Ship Power System Resilience Evaluation Based on FAHP-CM

Yujiang WANG, Peng DI, Bingxu HOU, Junpeng LIANG, Yao ZHAO, Junyuan CHEN

2024, 52(5): 138-146. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2024.05.015

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In view of the large uncertainty and subjectivity in evaluating the toughness of ship power system， a method of FAHP-CM for evaluating the toughness of ship power system is proposed by combining cloud model （CM） and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process （FAHP） on the basis of establishing the evaluation index system of ship power system. The method uses FAHP-CM to calculate the weights of evaluation indicators， which makes the weights more objective and accurate， simplifies the calculation process and improves the evaluation efficiency. The results of example analysis show that the proposed evaluation method can reflect the toughness of ship power system well， and can effectively solve the evaluation uncertainty and subjectivity problems， so that the evaluation results are more scientific and reasonable.

Optimal Prescheduling of Equipment Support Based on Two-Layer Programming

Zhigang HU, Jingjun LOU, Yuedong SHI

2024, 52(5): 147-155. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2024.05.016

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Equipment support affects the completion quality of combat missions and even directly affects the success or failure of missions. Optimized scheduling of equipment support is the key to improve the efficiency of equipment support system. Aiming at the characteristics of two-layer decision making and combinatorial optimization of equipment support system， an optimized pre-scheduling model for equipment support based on two-layer programming is proposed. The operation process and modeling framework of the equipment support system are analyzed. Combining with the combinatorial optimization problem， a two-layer programming model is established. The upper layer is a coarse-grained layer， using the MTSP method and the lower layer is a fine-grained layer， using the JSP method. An example analysis shows that the proposed method has open structure and adaptive parameters in large-scale system scheduling optimization.

Maximum Correlation Entropy Kalman Filter Error Correction Method

Jianyin ZHAO, Tingliu MAO, Genqing YANG, Weihe SUN

2024, 52(5): 156-161. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2024.05.017

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A maximum correlation entropy Kalman filter （MCKF） error correction method is proposed to address the issue of test data errors caused by errors in the testing equipment itself and improper operation by testing personnel during the testing process of various equipment performance parameters. This method improves the accuracy of error correction by introducing maximum correlation entropy to process non Gaussian noise interference in test data. Applying it to the error correction of performance parameter test data of a certain device， the simulation results show that this method can effectively handle the impact of non Gaussian noise interference on the error correction accuracy in the test data.

Radar Equipment Testability Evaluation Method Based on Improved TOPSIS-RSR

Jiajun CHEN, Bing HU, Duanyang SHI, Lijia YANG

2024, 52(5): 162-172. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2024.05.018

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Aiming at the uncertain and multi-attribute decision making problem of radar equipment testability evaluation， a radar equipment testability evaluation index system is constructed according to equipment characteristics and testability requirements. The improved fuzzy analytical hierarchy process （FAHP） and entropy weight method are used to assign subjective and objective weights to the evaluation indexes. In the evaluation model， the relative entropy is used to replace the Euclidean distance of the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution method （TOPSIS）， and the rank-sum ratio method （RSR） is introduced. The improved TOPSIS-RSR method is used to grade and rank the testability of the alternatives， and the effectiveness of the model is verified by an example analysis.

Optimization Analysis of Ammunition Reserve Quantity in Wartime Based on System Dynamics Model

Qianli FENG, Xianming SHI, Xiongfei QIU, Shuai LÜ, Yu ZHANG

2024, 52(5): 173-181. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2024.05.019

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In the process of ammunition support， the amount of ammunition reserve in wartime affects not only a certain aspect of the ammunition support system but the whole system. The traditional experience alone cannot make a correct judgment on some decisions. This model proposes a method based on system dynamics， analyzes the internal factors of the ammunition supply system in wartime， and establishes the dynamics model of the ammunition support system in wartime. Under the condition that ammunition consumption rate and ammunition supply time are fixed， the optimal value of unit ammunition reserve is calculated by vensim software simulation. The influence of ammunition replenishment time and ammunition reserve before the war on ammunition support during wartime is analyzed by changing the ammunition replenishment time and ammunition reserve before war combined with the fluctuation curve of ammunition replenishment rate， to obtain the numerical influence of the change of one variable on other variables， which can provide relevant data reference for commanders in ammunition support decision-making.

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